diamond tool according to which of several varieties classified material

CVD diamond is a diamond material of high wear resistance of pure, non-binding agent, which is at low pressure (<0.1MPa) prepared under. CVD diamond films are coated CVD (CD) and CVD thick (TFD) forms.CD is a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) process, the carbide substrate (K type alloy used) is General purpose blade  deposited to a thickness of about 10 ~ 30μm, composed of a polycrystalline diamond film is made.Matrix is ​​made easy due to complex shapes, it applies to the complex geometry of the tool, such as taps, drills, end mills and band chipbreakers indexable inserts and so on. International instruments the market have a CD tool products, such as the diamond blade saws  Swedish Sandvik's CD1810 and the United States Kennametal's KCD25, mainly for non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials, high-speed precision machining, tool life than uncoated carbide tools increased nearly tenfold or even several times. Diamond saw blade, but not suitable for processing of metal cutting tools CD a class of composite materials, composite materials because of hard particles in a very short period of time a coating on the surface of the tool will be worn out, so even though prices than similar tools CD PCD tools to be low, but the diamond film and the adhesion between the base material is small, so limiting its wide application.

diamond some introductory knowledge related

More and more industries in the production process using a diamond saw, with industry consolidation segments, diamond saw blade types are becoming increasingly refined.
I. manufacturing technology Category:
A sintered diamond saw blade: sub cold sintering and  abrasive grinding wheels hot pressing two kinds, pressed sintering.
2, the welding diamond blade: high-frequency welding and laser welding of two types, high-frequency welding by melting the tip and substrate media are welded together, the laser welding head by high temperature laser beam melts the edge contact with the substrate forming a metallurgical bond .
3, Diamond Saw Blade: the head is attached to the powder by a plating method on the substrate.
Two appearance Category:
A continuous edge blade: Continuous  diamond blade saws serrated diamond saw blade, usually produced by sintering method, commonly used as a basis for bronze binder matrix material, cutting water to be added to ensure the cutting effect, and will be useful for laser cutting head gap species.
2, blade-type blade: serrated disconnected, cutting speed, suitable for dry and wet cutting method.
3, turbo saw blade: 1,2 combined with the previous two advantages, sawtooth-shaped uniform continuous presence turbo punch, improved cutting speed and increase service life.
Different material selection of different  concrete saw blades types of diamond saw blades, different powder formulations suitable for different material properties of the material product quality, effectiveness, costs and benefits as well as the passing rate direct impact.

Ten reasons alloy saw blade wear

1, the phase change wear alloy blade at a certain friction during high speed cutting , the substrate or the material at temperatures above the phase transition temperature , causes the alloy saw blade with  cutting tools accelerated wear , thus losing the cutting ability . Such as high speed steels 500-600 °, ordinary steel 100 °, alloy steels 300-350 °, 65 manganese steel 200 ° temperature inside will result in the matrix phase transitions.
2 , the alloy microstructure in the welding temperature or other factors in the destruction of high -density ultra- fine particles in the welding alloy cold and hot temperatures , or high temperature , resulting in thicker alloy crystal , alloy cracking, deformation of the matrix alloy strength reduction and abrasion resistance .
3 , tool wear, cutting angle design and brick saws  material discrepancies due to different hardness and various types of plastic materials not targeted under the appropriate choice of alloy , and no matter according to the hardness of the cutting dry cutting angle of each side effect which reduces tool life .
4 , the oxidation of the alloy blade wear oxidation wear at 800 ° C or higher friction temperature, oxygen in the air and alloys of cobalt , tungsten carbide, titanium, tool wear due to oxidation occurs .
5, the impact of technology and precision grinding wear, alloy circular saw blades are precision cutting tools, any main and sub- edge blade with tape, face cutting straight face , or radial cutting rather than a cutting line, each one formed alloy cutting point or depth , and many other factors that reduce their effectiveness .
6 , diffusion wear diffusion is a chemical wear, diffusion wear is at a high cutting tool and the workpiece between the mutual diffusion of alloying elements , the tool material physical and mechanical properties of reduced lead increased tool wear . Carbide, titanium carbide increased in the tantalum carbide or other additives can be added to improve the matrix alloy and the temperature of diffusion and thus improve tool wear resistance and heat resistance.
7 , adhesive wear in the cutting of plastic material , the cutting and the rake face after the cutting work viscosity, the tool surface or partially lower strength adhesive particles or the  circular saw   workpiece to be cut so that the tool with grinding brush wear.
8 , improper maintenance or improper operation caused by wear and tear , each cutting equipment, cutting feed rate is not the same , while the alloy saw blade is designed according to different cutting material various angles , with inappropriate will reduce its effectiveness.
9 , mechanical wear workpiece or the tool cutting edge surface carved with shades of grooves caused by wear and tear. Workpiece or cutting edge tool and the workpiece with high hardness more than the smaller tool easy to wear, so the tool must have a higher hardness.
10 , the tool wear buildup feed speed is too fast or accuracy is not high , wheel selection and other factors, is not a good grinding blade with the cutting tool material during shock loading or poor toughness , tool face angle for each blade will have a loss factor with from.

Line speed is not high , an increase in cutting efficiency , will reduce the life of the blade

feed rate , depending on the processing of the material properties of each material when the cutting depth must have a certain range of the feed rate , if the speed is too high, will accelerate the masonry drill bits  wear of diamond or even fall off , causing the blade consumption too fast , if the speed is too low , then they will make the process of self-sharpening blades can not be normal , so " blunt , skid " lost cutting capacity . Under normal circumstances , the feed speed is slower when cutting , sawing should be in uniform for the common typical materials , when the cutting depth is 20mm, recommend the following feed rate table for your reference , when the thickness changes, the cutting speed can be press the cutting area (cm2/min) to conversion .
Tip: The first feed or each piece of board should be reduced by half for the first three walks .
Common materials saw feed speed unit : mm / mi the cutting depth for medium hard stone such as marble , limestone cut through at once , for hard stone and abrasive such as large granite, sandstone should step cutting, saw cutting granite monolithic , eating knife depth is generally 10-20mm , depth of cut marble cutting 50-100mm, more than double-sided cutting hard granite , depth of cut of each 3-5mm, should be based on the turbo blades  hardness of the stone , using a saw blade and the fixed performance , efficiency recommend the following table for your reference.
Common materials cutting efficiency table Note: " 1 " indicates low power finishing ; "2" indicates a high power roughing. the blade rotation direction of the same stone as the feed direction along the cutting , contrary to reverse cutting, and reverse cutting, due to an upward vertical force component , in the form of stone off potential, therefore , is a solid stone, under the same conditions next , you should try using tct circular saw blade  smooth cutting . When using reverse cutting, cutting depth to be reduced , generally reduced to shun cutting 1/3-1/2  In summary, the basic requirements for selection cutting process are: low hardness, good stone cutting performance can be deeply walking , brisk walking contrary shallow cut , ie corresponding to the same stone and saw and saw blade should be cutting efficiency, cutting board , good quality, long life blade and matrix process parameters prevail , the four complementary and mutually dependent , must not generalize . For example, when the saw blade cutting speed can not be maintained , indicating a blunt blade , cutting depth should be reduced while increasing the cutting speed to sharpening blades.

Speed ​​Cutting Tools Introduction

 Since , and friction will no longer be a major source of cutting heat; same as cutting speed, flank at the elastic tile saw blade  deformation of the workpiece material to keep up with the deformation rate gradually reduced cutting speed, flank friction and thus also reduced, thereby to reduce cutting forces and heat generation beneficial effect. Therefore, in high-speed cutting, the main cutting heat will be derived chips, the temperature rise of the workpiece and the tool are very small, high-speed cutting is also known as "cold cutting." The high-speed machining We usually recommend a new interface standard called HSK. HSK tool by the German Institute of Aachen granite polishing pads  University specifically for the development of new high-speed machine tool - machine interface, and formed a tool for automatic and manual tool change, the central cooling and face cooling, ordinary type and compact 6 kinds of forms . HSK is a small taper (1:10) short hollow taper shank, tapered at the same time when using the contact face and to form a high contact stiffness. After analysis, although HSK spindle connected to the high-speed rotation, will also expand, but still able to maintain a good contact, rigidity of the connection speed of the interface is not affected.

Alloy Saw Industry Analysis narrative

An alloy saw blade when grinding many factors can not be ignored
1, the matrix deformation, inconsistent thickness, bore tolerances big. Congenital defects of the base there is a problem, no matter the kind of graphics device, there is grinding errors. Matrix deformation on the two side angle bias; matrix inconsistent thickness right rear corner and edge front corner of bias, such as the existence of cumulative tolerance is too large, the quality and accuracy of the blade severely affected.
2, grinding teeth grinding effect on the core bits for concrete  structure. Alloy saw blade grinding machine structure and assembly is good or bad, about two types of models currently on the market: one is floating in Germany Seoul ink types. The type with vertical grinding off, all the advantages of hydraulic stepless movement, all of the feed system using V-shaped guide rail and ball screw work, grinding or big arm with slow feed forward, rewind retraction, Clips cylinder regulator heart, flexible and reliable support piece, pulling teeth accurate positioning, strong self-centering blade positioning heart, arbitrary angle adjustment, cooling flush reasonable, man-machine interface, high precision grinding off, pure grinder rational design; Type II, which is currently Horizontal such as Taiwan and Japan models, the presence of mechanical transmission gears and mechanical clearance dovetail slide accuracy, stable performance low clip, branched tablet core adjustment difficult, pulling teeth institution or poor reliability, flat two sides, left and right rear corner is not a heart-mill cut, resulting in large deviation angle difficult to control, mechanical wear disaster ensure accuracy.
3, welding factor. Welding alloys deviation and impact grinding precision, resulting in a large pressure while grinding, while pressure is small, the posterior horn of the same generation of the above factors, welding angle difference, human unavoidable factors, all of the grinding wheel and other factors generates unavoidable impact.
4, wheel width affect the quality and  cbn grinding wheel size. Optional wheel running gold films, note wheel size, granularity is too coarse grinding wheel produced traces wheel easy to plug the optional fine granularity grinding less easy to burn knife. Grinding wheel diameter and length width thickness is based alloy and alloy tooth width or different each face the situation, not a corner after corner or front wheel specifications are the same as any different from tooth grinding, must be targeted to choose a suitable Specifications Wheel.
5, grinding feed speed. Alloy saw blade grinding entirely good or bad decision grinding feed rate, generally alloy saw blade feed rate at from 0.5 to 6 mm / s can not exceed this value should be 20 per minute teeth, the ultra in every minute 20 tooth feed rate is too large, it will have serious knife tumors or burning alloy wheel impact generated convex and concave surface precision grinding wheel wasted.
6, grinding feed rate, the choice of wheel size on the amount of feed has an extremely important significance. General grinding wheel recommendation to use 180 # 240 # 240 # to use at most an opt 280 # 280 # to 320 #, or to adjust the feed rate.
7, grinding heart. All grinding the blade and the substrate for the heart, rather than with the blade of the heart, get it out of the heart surface grinding, horn, front corner with a machining center can not be sharpened a saw blade, saw blade grinding three processes Heart not be ignored. Side angle grinding alloy thickness is still careful observation, the thickness of different grinding heart changed, regardless of the thickness of the  granite polishing pads alloy to, the grinding surface grinding wheel center line of the welding position to be maintained in a straight line, or have a poor impact angle cutting.
8, pulling teeth institutions can not be ignored. Regardless of how the structure of any grinding, pulling teeth designed to coordinate accuracy sharpening design quality, machine adjustment pulling teeth acupressure reasonable position in the tooth surface, and not with the move is extremely critical, back teeth when pulling t

blade shears general safety rules

 First, before the operation to wear tight-fitting protective clothing, cuffs fastened jacket hem is not open, not in the starting of the machine next to wear off clothes or cloth around the flap discs  body, to prevent the machine twisting injury. Must wear a helmet, braids should be placed inside the cap, not wearing a skirt, slippers. Second, the machine operator must be familiar with Hydraulic Guillotine Shear blade main structure, performance and use. Third, the machine is suitable for cutting material thickness of the various machine rating plate, copper, aluminum and non-metallic materials, lumber, and must be no hard marks, welding slag, slag, weld materials, not granite polishing pads  super thick . Fourth, Hydraulic Guillotine Shear blades to use: a, in accordance with the thickness of the material being cut, adjusting the blade clearance. b. According to the material being cut width adjustment by mold or fixture. C, the machine operator before air travel for 1-3 times the normal only after the implementation of cutting work. Fifth, the use of such findings does not operate normally, immediately turn off the power down to check. Sixth, adjust the machine, you must cut off the power, move the workpiece, should pay attention to the safety of the hand. Seven, the machine should be kept lubricated ministries, each class should operatives filling oil once every six months by a mechanic once for filling oil bearing parts.

artificial diamonds are widely used in industrial drill bits

 Artificial diamonds very versatile tool Jufan drill, mining or medical use are all with diamond excellent thermal conductivity (five times that of copper) has become the electronic components on the  Acrylic impact modifier excellent heat sink. Today, artificial diamonds is a big industry, about 20 countries put into production, annual production of about 300 tons, more than 20 tonnes of the total production of natural diamonds are fifteen times as much, and is growing year by year. However, these diamonds are tiny powder, granules or film, few large particles gem crystal, crystal large and complete manufacturing facilities require a larger cavity, the PVC stabilizer for panel high cost of many. More concerned about the jewelery industry gem near colorless and colored artificial diamond development, as well as whether to distinguish natural diamonds in causing distress.
Besides, as the carbonaceous material in the purification of carbon, may, after removal of other elements, and pressure at the appropriate level, into the diamond. Means one excellent source of methane, carbon, and fermented cow dung into biogas rich in methane, and  vegetable stearic acid  therefore, "dung becomes diamond" one said. In recent years, the system is also rife with cremains diamond, is the same reason. It is reported that some people abroad to take the legacy of Beethoven's music maestro hair do "fat diamond", reported in a bit of 10, the amount of carbon in the system out of the electronic media should be enough to shine out of the sinking pleats pleated shiny "carat" Blue Diamond, can only speculate about the drill in the part of the carbon!

carbide saw blade quality and quality of processed products are closely related

Carbide saw blade containing the type of alloy, the substrate material, diameter, number of teeth, thickness, profile, angle, diameter and other parameters that determine the processing capacity grinding cup wheels  and cutting blade. Select the saw blade sawing according to the type of material, thickness, cutting speed, cutting direction, feed speed, kerf width requires the correct selection of blades.
(A) the choice of carbide species
Commonly used types of tungsten carbide cobalt (code YG), tungsten titanium category (Code YT). Since tungsten carbide cobalt impact resistance is better in the wood processing industry more widely used. Commonly used in wood processing model YG8-YG15, YG behind the numbers indicate the percentage of cobalt, cobalt content increases, the alloy impact toughness and flexural strength has increased, but the hardness and wear resistance has declined, to be selected according to the actual situation.
(B) the choice of substrate
1.65Mn spring steel elastic and plastic, material economy, good hardenability, the heating temperature is low, easy deformation can  General purpose blade be used for less demanding requirements of the cutting blade.
(2) high carbon tool steel carbon high thermal conductivity, but by the temperature of 200 ℃ -250 ℃ sharp decline in its hardness and wear resistance, heat deformation, poor hardenability, tempering longer easy to crack. Materials such as tool manufacturing economy T8A, T10A, T12A and so on.
3 alloy tool steel and carbon tool steel, heat resistance, wear resistance, good processing performance, heat distortion temperature of 300 ℃ -400 ℃ suitable for manufacturing high-grade alloy circular saw blades.
4 high-speed tool steel has good hardenability, hardness and rigidity, less heat deformation, is ultra-high strength  core bits for concrete steel, high-grade thermoplastic stable suitable for manufacturing thin blades.
(C) the choice of diameter
Saw blade diameter with the use of cutting equipment and cutting the workpiece thickness. Saw blade diameter is small, the cutting speed is relatively low; Saw blade diameter and sawing equipment requirements for the necessary high, while the cutting efficiency is high. Depending on the diameter of the blade circular sawing machine model selection with a diameter matching blades.
Standard parts diameter: 110MM (4 inches), 150MM (6 inches), 180MM (7 inch), 200MM (8 inches), 230MM (9-inch), 250MM (10-inch), 300MM (12-inch), 350MM ( 14-inch), 400MM (16-inch), 450MM (18-inch), 500MM (20-inch), etc., precision panel saw blade multi bottom slot designed to 120MM.
(D) selection of teeth
Serrated teeth, in general, the more teeth, in the unit time, the more the cutting edge, cutting as possible, but the number of cutting teeth carbide required more and more, the high price of the blade, but too close serrated , teeth of the chip becomes small, easy to cause the blade fever; another jagged too, when the feed rate mis-match, then cut each tooth small amounts, will exacerbate friction with the workpiece edge, affecting the life of the blade . Typically tooth spacing 15-25mm, material selection should be based on a reasonable cutting teeth.

the structure of carbide saw blades as well as the introduction

About the structure of carbide saw blades
Including tooth carbide saw blades, angle, number of teeth, blade thickness, blade diameter, carbide, etc. Most types of parameters that determine the processing capacity of the saw blade and cutting performance. Select the blade when the blade to the correct selection granite polishing pad of parameters as needed.
Commonly used with flat tooth tooth tooth tooth Dou, trapezoidal tooth, inverted trapezoidal tooth and so on. Flat teeth the most widely used, mainly for ordinary wood sawing, this tooth is relatively simple, Jukou rough, when operating in the slotted flat teeth can process flat bottom. Dou teeth sawing kerf quality is better for cutting a variety of wood-based panels, plywood. Trapezoidal tooth suitable sawing plywood, fire board, obtain higher cutting quality. Inverted trapezoidal tooth commonly used in the bottom slot blades.
Sawtooth angle is in the cutting position when the sawtooth. Serrated cutting angle affect performance results. Greatest impact is on the cutting rake angle γ, posterior horn α, wedge angle β. Rake angle γ is serrated cutting edge angle, the greater the cutting rake angle the more light, the rake angle is generally between 10-15 °. After the angle of the teeth and the angle between the machined surface, and its role is to prevent aliasing of the machined surface friction, the friction after the smaller the greater the angle, the more smooth processing of products. Carbide saw blade rear corner general value 15 °. Wedge angle is the angle from the front and rear angles derived. However, the wedge angle is not too small, it plays the strength to keep the teeth according to, heat resistance, durability of the effect. Rake angle γ, posterior horn α, wedge angle β is equal to the higher of 90 °.
Serrated teeth teeth more generally, in a unit time, the more the cutting edge, cutting as possible, but the number  fibre discs of cutting teeth carbide required more and more, the high price of the blade, but the serrated too close, teeth of the chip becomes small, easy to cause the blade fever; another jagged too, when the feed rate mis-match, then cut each tooth small amounts, will exacerbate friction with the workpiece edge, affecting the life of the blade. Typically tooth spacing 15-25mm, material selection should be based on a reasonable cutting teeth.
The thickness of the blade from the saw blade in theory, we hope that the thinner the better, is actually a kerf consumption. Carbide blade saw blade board material and manufacturing process of the hss drill bits  decision of the saw blade thickness. Select from the blade when the blade thickness of job stability and sawing material to consider.
Saw blade diameter with the use of cutting equipment and cutting the workpiece thickness. Saw blade diameter is small, the cutting speed is relatively low; Saw blade diameter and sawing equipment requirements for the necessary high, while the cutting efficiency is high.
Tooth, angle, number of teeth, thickness, diameter, species and a series of parameter combinations carbide hard alloy saw blade into the whole, to be a reasonable choice and match in order to better play to its strengths.

cutting tool can be made with natural materials

single-crystal diamond, synthetic single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond films, synthetic polycrystalline diamond composite tablets.
A natural single crystal diamondNatural single crystal diamond is a single crystal anisotropic. Hardness HV9000-10000, is the hardest substance in nature. This material is excellent wear  diamond blade circular saw resistance, the cutting tool can be made longer maintain dimensional stability, and therefore has a very long tool life.Natural diamond tool edge can be machined to extremely sharp. Can be used to make ophthalmology and neurosurgery scalpel; contact lenses can be used for machining surfaces; can be used for cutting optical glass fibers; used for processing gold, platinum jewelry patterns; most important use is the high-speed super-finishing non-ferrous metals and their alloys. Such as aluminum, gold, babbitt, beryllium copper, copper and so on. Produced with a natural diamond super finishing tool tip arc portion which under the microscope at 400-fold defect, the polygon mirror for processing aluminum alloy, oxygen-free laser mirror, gyroscopes, recorder drum and  wet saw blades so on. Performance can be achieved roughness Ra (0.01-0.025) μm.
 Poor natural diamond material toughness, flexural strength is very low, only (0.2-0.5) Gpa. Poor thermal stability, the temperature reaches 700 ℃ -800 ℃ will be lost when the hardness. Carbonization temperature will be higher. In addition, its strong affinity with iron generally not suitable for production of steel.
2, single crystal synthetic diamond
Single crystal synthetic diamond as a tool material, can buy on the market there are currently De Beers (DE-BEERS) the production of industrial grade single crystal diamond material. This hss drill bits  material hardness slightly lower than natural diamond. Other properties are comparable with the natural diamond. Because after artificial, orientation and size of its cleavage becomes controllable and unity. With the development of high pressure technology, the maximum size of single crystal synthetic diamond can already do 8mm. Since this material has a relatively good consistency and lower prices, so widespread attention. As an alternative to natural diamond of the new material, the application of synthetic single crystal diamond will have a big development.

promising cutting manufacturing machined blade

Slitter blade is high carbon tool steel manufacturing overall, the allowable cutting speed is about 5 m / min.
In the use of alloy tool steel, slitting machine blade cutting speed progress to about 8 m / min, using high-speed steel, and  wet saw blades more than twice the progress to the use of carbide, the progress of high-speed steel off than with more than twice the machining the workpiece surface quality and dimensional accuracy greatly improved.Because the price of high-speed steel and carbide is more expensive, slitting machine blade thrown welding and mechanical clamping structure.
Slitting machine machinery manufacturing  concrete ring saw top blade is used cutting tools, also known as circular cutting blade.
The outer surface of the processing of various tools, including turning, planing, milling cutters, broaches and rasp outer surfaces, etc.; hole cutting tools, including drills, reamers, boring tools, reamers and the inner surface broaches, etc.; thread processing tools, including taps, dies, automatic opening and closing of thread cutting head, thread  hss drill bits turning and thread milling cutters; gear cutting tools, including hobs, shaper cutters, shaving cutters, bevel gear cutting tools, etc.; interception tools, including inserts tooth circular saw blades, band saw, bow saw, cut off saw milling turning and so on. Late Warring States period (third century BC), because grasp carburizing technology, made of copper tools.

How to reduce the wear powder method for diamond blade

Since diamond ever discovered is the hardest material in nature, so the wear powder it is tiny. However, it is different from the carcass. It consists of a variety of metal materials, lower carbide tipped saw blade  hardness than diamond, hard granite powder particles susceptible to wear and tear, carcass premature wear will result from the package of diamond premature shedding, so a vicious cycle, a direct impact the life of the blade. Powder in order to reduce the wear on the diamond blade, can be wet saw blades  used the following methods:
The method of purification powder
1, the natural sedimentation method
2 CLEAR Act
3 flocculation
Practice has proved that the diamond blade wear powder is a problem can not be ignored, it reduces the life of the blade, improving costs. Meanwhile, in the recycling process, the device also generates some wear effect, so the time the coolant purification powder particles is necessary.
The method of purifying the three  concrete cutting blade stone powder, the natural sedimentation method is suitable for removing larger particles powder; mechanical removal and chemical precipitation method is suitable for removing small particles of powder. Obviously, if the conditions of the three integrated use, the effect will be better.

More extensive use of diamond saw blade

More extensive use of diamond saw blade, in all fields of social construction plays a relatively important role, therefore, for the use and preservation of diamond saw many users are not very understanding, this concrete core bits  will affect the performance of the blade and the use of time, Please note the following points of our customers.
Diamond saw blade steel substrate 45 in a specific environment, such as air is very humid, air containing acidic gases or diamond cbn wheel  alkaline substances, can lead to accelerated oxidation corrosion of the blade surface, there is no use will rust, so , saw not on the environment, should be sealed up and stored in a dry place. The larger diameter of the saw blade (300mm or more in diameter), when the stored preferably coated with a layer of oil, in this case, the blade will not decrease the quality of the performance.
Some diamond saw blade thickness is  concrete vibrator relatively thin, mainly used in special places, the matrix is ​​relatively weak, so the blade can not be stacked when stored, but can not place items above in order to avoid blade deformation, affect the results.

Higher cutting speed can reduce cutting forces

will increase the cutting speed cutting force, thus accelerating tool chipping failure, so a diamond cutting tool machining should not be too low.
Should be avoided in the stationary state the diamond tool and workpiece or other hard object, tool edge to prevent bruising. Operator  granite polishing pad nails and fingerprints easily entrained sand and other hard objects, scratching with nails or fingers directly blade diamond blade may be damaged. Diamond tool knife should be used to detect and adjust optical instruments and other non-contact measurement method.
Should be used plus the amount of alcohol or acetone cotton cleaning diamond tools. Put the tool when not in use rubber or plastic protective sleeve, and placed in a separate knife box.
Using the straight line wiper diamond tools for cutting mirror, requiring deputy angle less than a few minutes, and the tool that may arise during the installation of the installation error of 1 °, so the need for pre-processing tool for the knife, by adjusting the  cutting tools light repair tool edge and parallel feeding direction, in order to get the best surface roughness. The knife is as follows: First, a short machined on the workpiece surface, and then in the 10 to 30 times under the microscope to adjust the tool so that the wiper with a new machined surface of the mirror parallel. Since parallelism higher, and therefore must be patient and repeated fine adjustments. It should be noted: Unscrew the knife lever clamping screw may produce slight rotation of the cutter knife lead to failure.
Because straight wiper blade tool for time-consuming process, so for some precision cutting can be less demanding of the carbide tipped saw blade  mirror radius of 10 ~ 30mm arc cutting tool instead of a straight line wiper tool. The shape of this circular blade cutter tools with contact lenses similar, but reduces the posterior horn, increasing the nose radius. Using this tool the knife is not only simplifies the process, and when an arc worn, after a slight rotation of the tool may be used for another new arc, thereby increasing the tool life. Precision circular single-crystal diamond cutting tool is machining the necessary tools concave mirror.

Below are several commonly used tool

 for example, discusses the design of single-crystal diamond tool.
Turning your computer's hard substrate
Computer hard disk substrate is used for information storage, the material is aluminum or aluminum alloy, the surface roughness of the substrate, the lower storage density, thus reducing the surface roughness of the processing is critical. The same time as the substrate thickness is less than 0.9mm, in order to prevent deformation, should minimize the cutting forces and extrusion processing.
Cutting hard substrate with masonry blades   good rigidity and stability using ultra-precision lathe disk. Cutting depth of about 0.01 ~ 0.02mm, the feed is about 0.5mm.
Rigid disk substrate of single crystal diamond tools shown in Figure 1 the shape of the tip. Head has two main cutting edges, the processing can influence the infeed. Longer wiper ensures two directions machining wiper flank wear will not interfere with each other. Two master in the feed direction of the rake face downtilt 5 °, to obtain about 2.5 ° negative rake angle, the chips flow surface to be processed, in order to avoid scratching the chip surface has been processed. Very sharp diamond tools, edge radius is smaller than 100nm, 5 ° after the angle of the flank face has been sufficiently reduced to the machined surface of the extrusion and friction.
The key quality requirements of the tool blade and the tip is observed under the microscope at 500 times the defect. The design principle is equally applicable to other ultra-precision mirror surface processing tool.
Jewellery approved spent knife
Jewellery approved spent knife used in gold, silver jewelry milled leaf-shaped patterns, is actually a molding cutter, its granite polishing pad  head shape shown in Figure 2. Sharp knife at between 110 ° ~ 150 °, to accommodate different size and depth of the pattern processing. As approved spending machine structure is simple, poor rigidity, vibration, combined use of intermittent dry cutting, processing conditions are very poor, so the batch spent knife blade needs to have a strong impact resistance. 5 ° negative rake angle and 1 ° ~ 1.5 ° angle can effectively increase the rear edge strength, while the smaller rear corner between the tool and the workpiece can make proper squeeze by, the cutting will not "guilty" to prevent cutting vibration In the machined surface "chatter."
Batch processing jewelry case and took the knife and some high-light decorative parts with a tool roughly the same design principles, such tools requires 200 to 500 times the blade under the microscope without chipping.
Contacts Tool
Very soft contact lens material, and  Diamond tool a certain tensile strength, generally circular material cutter blade of the knife is too large, difficult to make cutting. Since there after turning a polishing step, thus turning the surface roughness of only required to achieve Ra0.1μm, turning the main purpose of having a convex curved surface shape precision, the main requirements of the tool sharp blade sex. The head shape of the lens turning tool shown in Figure 3. To meet the needs of the cutting surface of the concave circular arc, using a 15 ° relief angle, requires the blade under a microscope at 100 times without chipping.
3 single crystal diamond tool use and maintenance
Single-crystal diamond tool brittleness, combined very sharp shocks prone to chipping, so far as possible in a smooth, vibration-free working conditions of use; while also maximizing the workpiece and tool chucking rigidity and the entire rigidity of the system to increase its anti-vibration capability. Cutting the amount of not more than 0.1mm appropriate.

Abrasive material in stainless steel processing definition of what

The abrasive material production technology experts have confirmed : with grinding tools and abrasives, removed from the iamond tool manufacturer  workpiece surface layer is very thin abrasive finishing method is to define a professional ; secondly , subdivision opened , the abrasive materials, the main definition also abrasive materials to look at the specific tools and stainless steel products for use
 First, the abrasive material of the stainless steel products in the role? First look abrasive material is characterized by : the main products to help steel into a product with the brightness of the craft . Obtain high accuracy and a low value of Ra . But generally can not improve the  hole saw blades processing between the surface and other surfaces position accuracy . another somewhat more importantly, the nature of products suitable for stainless steel , stainless steel refers to the resistance of air, steam , water and other corrosive medium and  weak acid, alkali, salt and other chemical etching medium corrosion of steel , also known as acid-resistant stainless steel . two , abrasive materials What tools ?
Grind the workpiece abrading tool is a tool , but it is also the carrier of abrasive , hardness should be less than the hardness of the workpiece , there are some wear , often made ​​of gray cast iron . Wet grind lap microstructure of iron ferrite -based ; dry research study with uniform and fine pearlite places as the substrate . grinding M5 thread and less complex shape of small parts , the commonly used mild steel lap .
 Grinding eyelet and soft metal materials , mostly made ​​of brass , copper lap . Lap should have sufficient rigidity , and  wet polishing pad its working surfaces have a high geometric precision . Lap during the grinding process is also subject to cutting and wear, such as operating properly, its accuracy can be improved , so that the workpiece machining accuracy can be higher than the lap of the original precision .4 F3 Huizhou HTC grinding plant material

Point diamond tool

We know that the single crystal diamond is very hard, very difficult process , a single crystal diamond tool in the design of the time to simplify as much as possible to its shape . In addition to General purpose blade  this characteristic of single crystal diamond , there are many other features , this is not introduced .
Single-crystal diamond tool designed to consider when main factors: ① precision parts to be processed ; ② actual processing conditions ; ③ diamond material properties.
Design single crystal diamond tool , you should follow the following principles: ① Because single-crystal diamond high hardness, processing difficulties, so the shape of the tool should be as simple as possible ; ② According to single-crystal diamond brittle, poor impact resistance characteristics , should be combined with the actual processing conditions , through the tool geometry are optimized to improve the impact resistance head ; ③ precision machined parts according to the requirements of the design wiper length , taking into account the ability of the tool to cut thin .
Below are several commonly used tool , for example, discusses the design of single-crystal diamond tool .
Turning your computer's hard substrate
Computer hard disk substrate is used for information storage, the material is aluminum or aluminum alloy , the surface diamond tool manufacturer  roughness of the substrate , the lower storage density, thus reducing the surface roughness of the processing is critical . The same time as the substrate thickness is less than 0.9mm, in order to prevent deformation , should minimize the cutting forces and extrusion processing .
Cutting hard substrate with good rigidity and stability using ultra-precision lathe disk . Cutting depth of about 0.01 ~ 0.02mm, the feed is about 0.5mm. Rigid disk substrate of single crystal diamond tools shown in Figure 1 the shape of the tip . Head has two main cutting edges , the processing can influence the infeed . Longer wiper ensures two directions machining wiper flank wear will not interfere with each other . Two master in the feed direction of the rake face downtilt 5 °, to obtain about 2.5 ° negative rake angle , the chips flow surface to be processed , in order to avoid scratching the 9 inch saw blade  chip surface has been processed . Very sharp diamond tools , edge radius is smaller than 100nm, 5 ° after the angle of the flank face has been sufficiently reduced to the machined surface of the extrusion and friction.
The key quality requirements of the tool blade and the tip is observed under the microscope at 500 times the defect . The design principle is equally applicable to other ultra-precision mirror surface processing tool .

Grinding wheel is the most important one class of abrasive.

 Grinding wheel is the most important one class of abrasive. Added to the abrasive wheel is binding agent, the green compacts, drying and calcining a porous body made. As abrasives, binders and  tuck point blades manufacturing process is different, the wheel characteristics vary greatly, so the grinding machining quality, productivity and economy have a significant impact. Mainly by the grinding wheel abrasive characteristics, the intensity, binders, hardness, structure, shape and size and other factors. Wheel variety.
Can be divided according to the  polishing pads for granite ordinary abrasives abrasives (corundum and silicon carbide, etc.) and natural abrasive grinding wheels and superabrasive (diamond and cubic boron nitride) grinding wheel;
Shape can be divided according to level grinding wheels, bevel wheel, cylindrical grinding wheels, cup wheels, disc wheel, etc.; binding agents can be classified according to the ceramic grinding wheel, resin grinding wheel, rubber wheel, metal grinding wheel. The wheel parameters are abrasive, viscosity, hardness, binders, shape, size and so on.
Since wheel usually work at high wood saw blades  speed, thus turning test should be carried out before use (guaranteed wheel at the maximum operating speed, not break) and static balance test (to prevent machine vibrations caused by the work). Grindstone at work for some time, should be trimmed to restore grinding performance and correct geometry.

abrasive grinding wheel under loads shedding difficulty level.

The cutting tool is a grinding wheel, which consists of many small and hard abrasive particles and adhesive bonding agent made of the porous body. Directly responsible abrasive cutting work concrete blades  must be sharp and has high hardness, heat resistance and a toughness. Commonly used abrasive alumina (also known as corundum) and silicon carbide two kinds. Alumina-based abrasive, high hardness, good toughness, suitable for grinding steel material. Silicon carbide abrasive hardness is higher and more sharp, good thermal conductivity, but more brittle, suitable for grinding cast iron and carbide.
The same abrasive wheel, due to their different thickness, the surface roughness after the workpiece and the machining efficiency is not the same, for the coarse grains coarse, abrasive for grinding small, the more coarse abrasives, the smaller the grain size number.
From the bonded abrasive binders role. Commonly used ceramic binder, followed by resin binding agent. Binding agents are selected  core drill bits from different materials, the impact grinding corrosion resistance, strength, heat resistance and toughness.
Abrasive grains bonded more firmly, the more difficult from the wheel fell off, they said grinding wheel hardness, the hardness of the grinding wheel surface is abrasive grinding wheel under loads shedding difficulty level. Off easily called soft, otherwise known as hard. The  diamond blade hardness and abrasive grinding wheel hardness are two different concepts. Surface of the workpiece to be ground is relatively soft, abrasive edge (corners) for easy to wear, this time can be abrasive to use longer, more solid bond that is optional wheel (high hardness wheel). Conversely, low hardness grinding wheel for high hardness of the workpiece.
Wheel in high-speed conditions of work, in order to ensure safety, should be checked before installation, there should be no cracks and other defects; wheel in order to work smoothly, balancing test should be carried out before use.
Grinding work after a certain time, the surface of the gap may be clogged debris, blunt abrasive acute angle, the original geometry will be distorted. Therefore, the ability to be cut and trimmed in order to restore the correct geometry. Wheel dresser diamond pen required.

Electroplated diamond tools, grinding wheels improvements

Electroplated diamond tool holding force exists insufficient particle shedding and other issues, has seriously affected the tool life and efficiency. This paper reviews the recent development of domestic and step pads  electroplated diamond tool performance improvement methods , grouped into the following three categories: one , improving coating matrix material properties, improve the coating and bonding of the diamond supporting role ; 2 , by increasing the diamond and the the contact area of ​​the carcass , to eliminate the gap between the diamond and the coating ; 3 , the diamond particle surface treatment , the coating is formed between the diamond and the chemical bonding . The text of the various methods are described in detail , there is potential for some methods are recommended to readers of electroplated diamond tools, improved methods have a comprehensive understanding of the system  Because diamond has a high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance and low coefficient of linear expansion and a series of excellent physical and chemical characteristics, are used to produce diamond tools for machining hard and brittle materials difficult to machine . Electroplating diamond tools prepared by  wall saw blades electrodeposition of metal , the consolidation of loose diamond particles in the plating layer, and the diamond particles have a cutting ability . Electroplated diamond tool manufacturers prepared low temperature to avoid heat loss of the diamond , and the production process is simple , less investment in equipment , the manufacturing cycle is short, convenient shape and can repair. Therefore, electroplated diamond products have a variety of grinding wheel, grinding , needle files , dig riving knife , trim wheel , geological drill bits, reaming, and external circular cutting disc , reamers, wire saws and other special tools, machinery, electronics, construction, drilling , optical glass processing and other industries widely used [ ] .
At present, prepared at home and abroad with electroplated diamond tools , the main problem is that the coating matrix metal and the binding force between the diamond particles is low, the use of diamond  wet granite pads particles by force , it is easy to fall off , resulting in short life. The main reason for these phenomena is prepared by electroplating diamond tool manufacturing low temperature, resulting in the surface of the diamond particles are difficult for the general metal infiltration, instead of getting a strong chemical bond , and often a gap . In addition, by the impact of the plating process , an optional type coating metal diamond tools limited ( only nickel, chromium and other small metals and their alloys ) , unlike the hot-pressing tool type of metal used as widely .
To solve the above problem, people used a variety of measures to address the diamond and the coating metal binding force . This article describes the comprehensive recent development at home and abroad electroplated diamond tool performance improvement methods , and they were categorized , I hope to give people a detailed and clear understanding.

Diamond cutting wheel grinding characteristics

Diamond thin cutting wheel is mainly used for fine groove and cut close , generally deep creep feed grinding method . With grinding depth, feed rate is small, the grinding wheel and the workpiece contact area, narrow kerf , metal removal rate, grinding , high precision, good surface quality and material utilization characteristics. The polishing pads for granite  general rule is as follows:
1 ) Overall wheel cut thin ( more below 0.5mm ) , small diameter (20-100mm), fine particle size , size and shape and position precision , light weight , generally used in the high- speed conditions . Average speed of 5000-40000 rpm.
2 ) . Matrix-type cutting wheel mostly thick (0.5-2mm), diameter (100-200mm), coarse granularity , the accuracy is low, generally used for lower -speed large depth of cut conditions. Average speed of 3000-10000 rpm. 3 ) ultra-thin cutting wheel to use more fine-grained , and generally thinner grit size of its correspondingly thinner, good surface quality . However, the finer abrasive particle size decreased sharp cutting corresponding to correspondingly reduce the feed rate to accommodate the grit size machinability . 4 ) ultra-thin cutting wheel cutting depth is generally cut parts by the user according to fixed , the cutting mostly used creep feed grinding process , the depth of a cut to the . Such as thin cutting wheel , cutting conditions are poor ( mostly three face contact with the workpiece ) , making it difficult to heat , so to increase ( flow, pressure ) cooling the cutting area .
 5 ) When the cutting wheel at the customer has just appeared on the machine does not move or cut the workpiece chipping , the proposal to increase the cutting speed or decrease feed rate ; when cut after Plate Compactor  a period of time does not move or chipping , it is recommended to use Whetstone appropriate granularity on the surface of the blade wheel to adjust its sharpness .
 6 ) . Workpiece surface quality and cutting performance mainly with thin cutting wheel for abrasive particle size , particle size finer surface finish processing the better . Simultaneously with the workpiece material , hardness, cutting the amount of machining conditions , processing requirements and other factors are also related.
7 ) Ultra-thin cutting wheel factory has been carried out before the general shaping and the blade , users can directly use . If you need further surgery, recommended green silicon carbide or corundum stone, cutting wheel size selected coarse granularity than 1-2 numbers ; if you  sds hammer drill bits need further used for a period after the blade or the blade , it is recommended to use green silicon carbide or corundum Whetstone, cutting wheel size selected fine granularity than 1-2 number or the same number can be.
8 ) general but also with cutting material to be processed , hardness, precision machining requirements related to the proposed initial use of the best in the user's original conditions, do not easily change cutting .
9 ) to the user condition is also a major factor affecting the cutting performance , especially in the spindle axis moving string , runout , the flange parallel, have directly affected balancing precision cutting wheel cutting precision .

diamond thick welding tool

Welding tools diamond thick film production process generally include: a large area diamond films prepared; the diamond film is cut into desired shape and size of the tool; diamond thick film and the masonry drill bits  base material of the welding tool; diamond thick cutting edge grinding and polishing . (1) Preparation and cutting diamond filmsCommonly used process for preparing diamond films is a DC plasma jet CVD method. The diamond deposition to the WC-Co alloy (mirror surface processing), the cooling process of the substrate, the diamond film off automatically. This method is fast deposition rate (up to 930μm / h), relatively close integration between the lattice, but the growth surface rough. Diamond film hardness, wear resistance, non-conductive determines its cutting method is laser cutting (cutting in air, oxygen and argon environment). Use of laser cutting diamond films can not only cut to the desired shape and size, the tool can also be cut out after a corner, with a  diamond bandsaw blades narrow kerf, efficient and so on.(1) diamond tools, welding thickDiamond and metals and their alloys in general the interfacial energy between the high, resulting in the diamond can not be a general low-melting alloy infiltration, poor solderability. At present, copper-silver alloy solder by adding strong carbide forming elements, or through the diamond surface treatment of metal to increase between the diamond and the metal weldability.① active brazing methodSolder is generally used copper and silver alloy containing Ti, without flux in an inert gas or in vacuum soldering. Commonly used solder composition Ag = 68.8wt%, Cu = 26.7wt%, Ti = 4.5wt%, commonly prepared by arc melting method and the powder metallurgy method. Ti as an active element in the welding process and the C-reactive generate TiC, the diamond can improve the wettability with solder and adhesive strength. The heating temperature is generally 850 ℃, heat for 10 minutes, slow cooling to reduce internal stress.② After the concrete cutting blade  welding surface metallizationThe diamond surface of the metal surface treatment is performed by metal plating the surface of the diamond, to the surface of a metal or metalloid performance. Generally in the diamond coated Ti, Ti reacts with C TiC, TiC and Ag-Cu solder alloy has a good wettability and bonding strength. Titanium currently used methods are: a vacuum physical vapor deposition (PVD, including vacuum evaporation plating, vacuum sputtering, vacuum ion plating, etc.), chemical vapor plating and powder sintering coverage. Single plating PVD method is low, diamond plating process temperature below 500 ℃, the diamond coating and the physical attachment between, no chemical metallurgy. CVD method, a chemical reaction between Ti and diamonds form a strong metallurgical bond, the reaction temperature is high, damage to the diamond.

diamond saw - blade manufacturing method

With the automotive, aviation and aerospace technology, the rapid development of the material properties and processing technology, increasing demand. New materials such as carbon fiber granite polishing pads  reinforced plastics, particle reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMC) and ceramic materials are widely used. These materials have high strength, wear resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and other characteristics, which determines them when machining tool life is very short. Resistant and stable development of novel superhard cutting tool is that many colleges and universities, research institutes and enterprises research. Diamond set mechanical, optical, thermal, acoustics, optics, and many other excellent performance in a, with a high hardness, low friction, high thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and chemical inertness is low, is an ideal material for tool manufacture. The recent development of a method for manufacturing diamond tools for an overview.
Application cited
(A) the processing of non-ferrous materials difficult to machineProcessing of copper, zinc, aluminum and other nonferrous metals and alloys, the material easy to adhere to the tool, processing difficulties. Using diamond low coefficient of friction, and non-ferrous metal affinity characteristics of small, diamond tool and the tool can effectively prevent the occurrence of metal bonding. Further, the elastic modulus of the diamond cutting edge portion is deformed when small, the cutting non-ferrous metal extrusion deformation is small, the cutting process can complete the small deformation, which can improve the surface quality.(2) the processing of non-metallic materials difficult to machineProcessing particle contains a lot of high hardness non-metallic materials difficult to machine, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic, filled silicone material, hard carbon fiber / epoxy composites, the material of the hard particles so that the tool wear serious, hard carbide cutting tools processing, and diamond tools, high hardness, wear resistance, and therefore processing efficiency.
(3) ultra-precision machiningWith the advent of modern integrated technology, precision machining direction to the development of the tool performance made some very high demand. Because diamond friction coefficient, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, can cut very thin chips, chip easily outflow affinity with other substances is small, easy to BUE, heat a small, high thermal conductivity, heat can be avoided of a blade and the workpiece, so the passivation edge, cutting deformation, the surface of higher quality can be obtained.
Method for producing diamond tools
Currently the main diamond processing polishing pads for granite  method has the following four categories: film coated tools, thick welded diamond tools, cutting tools and single crystal diamond sintered diamond tools.2.1 Thin Film Coated ToolsFilm coated tool rigidity and high-temperature characteristics in good collective material by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) tool made of diamond film deposition.As Si3N4 ceramics, WC-Co-based cemented carbide and the metal W thermal expansioncoefficient close to the diamond, heat generated when the film stress is small, it can be used as the base material of the cutter body. WC-Co-based alloy in the presence of Co binder phase easy to make the diamond film and the substrate is formed between the lower adhesion strength graphite, before the deposition in order to eliminate the need for pretreatment of Co (generally by acid etching to Co) .Chemical vapor deposition method is a method of using a gas containing the C source  Plate Compactor activated, the low gas pressure, the carbon atoms deposited in a certain area, the carbon atoms in the condensation, forming a diamond phase deposition process. Currently used for deposition of diamond by CVD include: microwave, hot filament, DC arc jet method.The advantage of diamond films can be applied to a variety of complex geometry of the tool, such as a blade with chip, end mills, reamers and drills; many non-metallic materials can be used to cut, cutting, cutting force, small deformation, smooth, abrasion slow, difficult to deform the workpiece for the workpiece material, tolerances small finishing. The main disadvantage is the diamond film and the substrate adhesion is poor, the diamond film does not have a re-grinding of the cutting tool.

diamond in stone processing to the application

To further improve productivity, various studies have focused on improving the economics of stone processing technology, in addition to improving output and reducing material waste costs, diamond  wood drill bits manufacturers, machine manufacturers and machine tool manufacturers to increase production capacity and tools match for a lot of research. Where a study to find out the current production capacity of marble processing machine level achieved. Europe is currently the most efficient use of the production of granite sawing marble processing efficiency levels achieved only equivalent to the level of about 4. Generally speaking, when after more than 25mm depth of cut for the processing of granite is unlikely, because this would lead to a lot of heat and diamond tools overload.
Manufacturer of diamond, diamond tool manufacturers, machine manufacturers, blade manufacturers and a matrix consisting of the European Institute of partner international organizations, began to study to bring a new world of stone processing program. Focus on seeking solutions to the problem, as well as technical, economic and environmental evaluation, as well as approaching the problem. Goal of this program is to develop each subsystem processing systems, so as to meet the needs of deep under the conditions that the depth of cut range from 100 ~ 300mm. It includes a highly efficient diamond saw blades, as well as tool and workpiece interface provides improved lubrication system to ensure long stable work. Because this is a highly automated process is a basic requirement. Research work of two phases:
1, laboratory tests, in order to get some basic information (material properties, cutting force, temperature and vibration), as a  concrete ring saw machine and tool design should achieve basic data must be improved.
2, in the first stage on the basis of data tools and machine parts (blade caking, lubrication and trimming system) development. In the first phase, the project is one of the key design simulation using a small blade in order to investigate the processing power of the tool and the workpiece at the interface (grinding zone) temperature, and vibration characteristics. When using a small blade, the system characteristics and actual conditions of use in industrial applications characteristics must match, and this is crucial. To meet this requirement, many authors have proposed a variety of cutting model, the system has two main variables been recognized, namely cutting speed (Vc) and depth of cut (ae). Using these parameters and geometry information about tools, we can propose a saw blade when cutting a simplified model formula.
Using this formula for industrial applications can be reproduced under normal conditions similar to the conditions and forces.
Deep cutting conditions and the cutting force of the cutting temperature measurements.
Laboratory tests implemented with a small cutting depth so as to measure the heat generated in the cutting zone, and cutting forces. This information is for the determination of large-scale production saw lubrication equipment and diamond tools for forecasting may be exposed in the process of cutting force is necessary. Use of high-strength diamond particle size of 30/40, the number of particles per carat is 660 ± 30 tablets. First, the medium hardness Italian sawing granite, followed cutting the  tile cutting blades harder the Indian Red granite processing, which is one of the most difficult materials cut. In cutting tests, cutting depth remains 90mm, adjust the feeding speed to make it in the mildest cutting conditions 100cm2/min and among the harshest conditions 600cm2/min changed. This condition can be set to meet the industrial production of 380cm2/min to 1000cm2/min production efficiency. Temperature measurement results obtained. As expected, with the cutting efficiency of the cutting temperature is rising generation, but even at the highest speeds, the resulting cutting temperature remains below 200 ℃. Machining dynamometer using the normal force and tangential force to the saw tool design and maximum size to help development of specifications. Diamond cutting force analysis and examination of the wear process is to determine the scope of the process within that period should be working on. This is to maintain uniform diamond wear and adjustment of the cutting diamond material required to complete exposure of the height of the key.

Broaden the application areas of diamond

China's hardware tools are widely used in geological exploration, stone, machinery, automobile and defense industries and other fields, with the abrasive machining, geology drill and  core drill bits stone cutting tools has greatly improved the level of the manufacturing process, products have been formed standardization, different specifications, product quality and stability, some products in the international market have a certain competitiveness. All kinds of diamond tools also been widely used in various industries, and achieved significant economic benefits, but on the whole diamond tools industry, still need to improve the industrial planning, broaden application areas, creating an international brand.
1 Industry Planning: strengthen macro-control management
Because the blind development, production and distribution of diamond tools appear scattered and chaotic situation everywhere, generally small-scale producers, production is not centralized, process technology, the lack of market competitiveness, tool sales market, product quality is unstable, disorderly competition, price chaos, economic efficiency is not high.
(2) Product Development: Widening the application areas of diamond
The current domestic production tools as well as new product development, technology research and other aspects of insufficient capital investment, to increase tool industry investment, pay close attention to new product development and new technologies, promotion of new technology and continue to broaden the field of application of diamond to enhance diamond tools industry overall technological level and market competitiveness, variety, quality of survival, to scientific and technological progress and development.
Tools to meet the needs of the market at home and abroad, we must accelerate the development of new products, improve product quality, increase product variety and improve production. In recent General purpose blade  years, machinery, gems, medical equipment, wood, glass, steel, stone handicrafts, ceramics and composites processing of non-metallic brittle materials the field of diamond tools demand increases every year, at present, these products are domestic or imported, must as soon as possible developed a variety of high-quality range of tools to replace imports.
Currently urgent need to develop products: oil drilling PDC bits, stone polishing with a diamond pen, core bits, diamond honing stone, diamond tools, diamond wheel, rubber plastic-bonded diamond tools, PCD diamond tools, diamond needle, spray Tsui, diamond heat sink and transistors and other products. To ensure the quality of their products, we must accelerate new technologies, promotion of new technology, such as vacuum welding technology, spark sintering technology, uniform technology of diamond, diamond-plated iridium technology and metal bonding technology, laser welding technology.
3 development of the industry: joint build international brands
Enterprise, innovation is advanced  grinding cup wheels technology, and constantly improve the production process, reduce production costs and improve economic efficiency. Take the group or joint venture on the road, the formation of several large enterprise groups, to guide development of the industry, to create their own brand, and actively participate in international competition. Relying on technological progress, increase scientific and technological input, update equipment, pay close attention to new technologies, new processes, new product research and promotion, to improve tool substrate material usage, accelerate the development of China's hardware tools industry to further enhance economic efficiency and overall level of technology.

The 20 diamond truing tool tips

Drill machine is a simple, lightweight , economical tunneling machine , the stone block mining machine important , are the percussion device , and the need for both oil and water and gas with the use of a variety of auxiliary media , which on the one hand the reliability of the device , security put forward higher requirements ; hand, but also to the operation and maintenance of equipment to bring some difficulties. Scientific  diamond blades use and maintenance of drilling machines, not only to ensure safety in production , to prevent fatal accidents is important, but also to improve equipment performance , working life, production efficiency is important.
Preparations before start
1 , the new purchase to the drilling machine, inside coated with anti-rust grease viscosity , clear and must be removed before use . Reload , all moving parts to be lubricated table Mina . Installed, the drilling machine is turned pressure gas line , open a small wind operation , check its functioning properly.
2 , the automatic oiler inject lubricating oil, used oil is 20 #, 30 # , 40 # oil . Loaded oil containers should be clean , covered , to prevent rock dust and dirt into the oiler .
3 , inspection workplace pressure and water pressure. Wind pressure is 0.4-0.6MPa, air pressure is too high will tile saw blade  accelerate the mechanical parts of the damage , too low will reduce drilling efficiency and corrosion mechanical parts. Pressure is generally 0.2-0.3MPa, water pressure is too high, the water will destroy the lubrication poured inside the machine , drilling machine efficiency and reduce corrosion mechanical parts ; too low flush adverse effects .
4, using Qianzai meets quality requirements , the failure of Qianzai prohibited.
5 , duct access drilling machines, should be placed inside the dirt off the gas will blow . Connection pipes money to waterproof joints rinse the dirt, wind and water pipes must be tightened to prevent shedding wounding .
6 , the solder tail into the drilling head , forced clockwise Qianzai If we can not move, that has jammed inside the machine phenomenon , should be promptly treated .
7 , tighten the bolts , open air check the functioning of the propeller , in normal operation can begin work .
8 , rail drilling machine should stand a good prop , and check the functioning of the propeller , air leg rock drill rock drill machine and upward air leg must check the degree of flexibility and so on.
9 , on request of the hydraulic rock drill hydraulic system has a good seal to prevent contamination of hydraulic oil , hydraulic oil to ensure that there is constant pressure.
Precautions when working
1 , opening the eyes should be rotated slowly until the depth of the hole to reach 10-15mm later, and then gradually moved to full operation . In the drilling process, according to the drill rod hole straight forward design , and is located in center of the hole .
2 , should be reasonable in the drilling test drive shaft thrust. Shaft thrust is too small, machine-generated bounce , vibration increases , drilling efficiency ; axis thrust too much , Qianzai top tight eyes, so that the machine is operating in overload , easy to premature wear parts , making drilling slowed .
3 , drilling machines jamming , should reduce the thrust axis , you can gradually become normal. If invalid , should be immediately shut down. First slowly rotating drill rod with a wrench , and then open the gas pressure Qianzai slowly rotating , prohibit the use of the concrete polishing pads  approach to beat Rod .
4 , the situation often observed row powder . Pink row is normal, mud along slowly outflow orifice ; contrary, to forcefully blow holes. If you are still valid , you should check Qianzai water holes and solder tail state, and then check the water needle , replace the damaged parts.
5 , to observe the oil reserves and oiling conditions , regulate the fuel injection . Oil operation, easy to premature wear of parts . When the oil is excessive, will cause face pollution.
6 , the operation should pay attention to the sound of the machine , observe its functioning , identify problems and timely treatment.
7, pay attention Qianzai working condition , abnormal timely replacement .
8, the operation up rock drill air leg should pay attention to the gas , to prevent drilling machines made ​​bobbing

Characteristics and requirements of resin grinding wheel

Our resin grinding wheel should have some preliminary understanding, but it should still be enough to understand the properties of a comprehensive , how in everyday use will maximize the polishing pads for granite  efficiency of resin grinding wheel , let us work together to understand :
First, you know, resin grinding wheel is made ​​of resin grinding wheel, such as phenolic , epoxy, polyurethane , polyvinyl alcohol, resin grinding wheel is a high strength, can strengthen the wheel to add fiber mesh and steel , such as our cutting discs, grinding, now most of us are not waterproof resin grinding wheel abrasive grinding fluid could not be used , of course, need to add some resin grinding wheel grinding fluids , such as epoxy , resin grinding wheel is a good finish, not easy to burn currently tuck point blades  used in the resin grinding wheel cutting disc, double-end , heavy duty wheels, polishing wheels and so on.
There are many special resin binding cutting diamond wheel for rapid cooling . These wheels especially suitable for carbide tools ( such as saws, cutting machines , drilling tools, end mills , etc. ) grinding . In addition, these tools can also be used carbide dies , rollers and carbide wear parts , precision grinding operations. Resin binding wheel and precision machining of ceramic products, ceramic grinding tungsten  core drills carbide and the preferred thermal sprayed layer . CBN grinding wheel can be used with resin glue used in combination for grinding high-speed steel , tool and die steels and superalloys FtRC50 above .

Diamond Saw Blade cutting the amount of

In the stone processing, stone processing cutting costs account for about 50% of the total cost. At present, China's stone business is quite common to use diamond circular saws for the cutting device. According to statistics, the average per sawing 1m. Granite diamond segment consumes about 3-3.8 million, the power consumption of about 10 ~ 12kW.h, to China's annual use of diamond circular saw stone cutting 150 million m2 per  diamond grinding wheel annum gross consumption of diamond saw blades more than 500 million yuan, the total energy consumption by about 2 billion kw.h, thus optimizing the amount of diamond saw blades for cutting, reducing energy consumption, saw cutting consumption and improve the efficiency of far-reaching economic and social significance.
Diamond circular saw cutting costs affecting factors include stone composition, structure, physical and mechanical properties, equipment, technical performance, the blade cutting the amount of process performance and selection and other factors. Several factors in this regulation is only cutting the amount of artificial optional. Therefore, improving the stone sawing process is to reduce energy consumption, consumption and improve cutting efficiency saws to reduce the effective cost cutting measures.Grinding damage: the force effects and temperature than the response, after a period of use of the blade tend to produce wear damage. Grinding damage in  dry cut blades the form of mainly the following: abrasive wear, local crushing, a large area of ​​broken off, binders direction along the cutting speed of the mechanical abrasions. Abrasive: Diamond particles and constant friction formula pieces, into a flat edge passivation, loss cutting, increasing friction. Heat causes the cutting surface of the diamond particles graphite sheet, the hardness greatly reduced, increased wear: the surface of the diamond particles exposed to alternating thermal stresses, and also the cutting under alternating stress, fatigue cracks will be partially broken, revealing a sharp new edge, is an ideal wear pattern; large area broken: diamond particles in the Leads to withstand shock loads, the concrete cutting blade  more prominent grain and grain prematurely consumed; shedding: the diamond cutting force alternating binding agent particles are constantly being generated shaking loose. Meanwhile, the cutting process of the binding agent itself wear and cutting heat to soften the binding agent. This makes the gripping force decreased binding agent, when the particle is greater than the cutting force on the gripping force, the diamond particles will fall off. No matter what kind of wear and tear with the diamond particles to withstand load and temperature are closely related. Both of which are determined by Cheng cutting process and cooling lubrication conditions.

potential huge new cutting tool material

With modern science and technology and the development of production, a variety of new materials difficult to machine large number of applications in the product, the traditional carbide tools have  concrete core bits been difficult to meet production needs, while the ceramic tool is its excellent heat resistance, wear , good chemical stability and high cost and by people of all ages. Especially in the field of high-speed cutting and difficult to machine materials, showing the traditional tools can not match advantage.
The use of ceramic cutting tools ordinary steel, cast iron, hardened steel, high manganese steel, nickel-based superalloy, powder  PCD grinding wheel metallurgy sintered parts, glass, steel and a variety of engineering plastics and other difficult to machine materials, tool life and even several times higher than the carbide tools ten times. It can not only in production for general turning, boring and milling, and has been successfully used on the hole processing tool; except in the ordinary use of the machine, but also can be effectively used CNC machine tools and machining centers, high- equipment, is internationally recognized as the most contemporary improve production efficiency as a potential tool. In addition, diamond and cubic boron nitride and other superhard cutting tool compared to the relatively low  concrete ring saw price of ceramic cutting tools (ceramic cutting the main raw material of aluminum oxide, silicon is the most abundant element in the crust, inexhaustible, with inexhaustible), therefore, it was said: "With modern ceramic tool material properties of continuous improvement, in the future it will work with coated carbide cutting tools, diamond and cubic boron nitride and other superhard cutting tool with a high-speed cutting, dry cutting and The three main hard cutting tool. "Figure 1 shows the tool in hard turning using ceramic instead of grinding the carburized hardened gear (57 HRC-59 HRC) synchronization cone part, bore and back The application examples.

diamond saw idling and idling with water

Diamond saw blade up after the initial installation idling tests are required to carry out, and even some tile cutting blades  without any professional training workshop of master craftsman, as long as the operation of the cutting blade a long time, it would have fixed the blade just after the diamond saws slices idling, the reason is that for diamond saw blades, the ability to try to cut long life of the most important factors in addition to this, the more important is the tip angle of cut material can be processed with a total weight of the blade base , there will be a large angle, of course, if it is complete coincidence of course, is the best, but ninety few, the  wet saw blades very few manufacturers capable of producing head angle with the base cut exactly the same situation, but even if someone can do out of this diamond saw is not enough, because even the perfect diamond saw blade will encounter no perfect person, I believe we have encountered even the best tools will be those who get careless mess of things , but a qualified diamond saw how to use it for a long time to high, which is important at the beginning, such as idling time by the sound judgment to verify diamond blades are mounted, by correcting the angle diamond blade idling correction term diamond saw blade angle and blade and the substrate is in the same perspective, which will be for all sorts of prolonged use of diamond saw benefits, and the other is temperature, diamond saw blade during the cutting of raw materials is often due to the friction between will have a high temperature, which is unavoidable, but extremely high temperatures will shorten the life of the blade, because that is 4 inch circular saw blade  in high temperature conditions, the surface of diamond saw blades will quickly be worn away, a layer of friction continues, down blade life will be shorter, so the high temperature conditions, many workers will be used in the case of sprinkling the surface to the blade is to cool, this point that we are able to understand, however, a variety of means, is to be able Diamond saw blade so that under normal conditions, long-time use and efficient.

diamond abrasive and filler mixed in advance

Diamond grinding wheel used more widely , mainly for grinding or cutting , then you know how to process diamond wheel is made ​​of it ? Here we introduce a simple method for processing diamond wheel :
Prior and diamond abrasive fillers , these fillers can be salts, glass beads or magnetic particles. After sds plus drill bits  bonding , 20% the thickness of the filler particles are bonded by a metal binding agent , these fillers were used in addition to the following methods : dissolution method , sublimation method or magnetic method . This method of diamond abrasive filler particle size and particle size roughly the same amount of filler to make the diamond abrasive work surface to achieve the required concentration . The disadvantage of these methods is complicated in addition to the wet saw blades  filler , require special set of methods .
In addition to the filler is a relatively simple method using the spherical filler particles, the surface is smooth, a metal binding agent is first deposited diamond abrasive grains having a thickness of 20% of the height , and the filler brush with a brush , and finally continue the metal binding agent is deposited to predetermined thickness , use of this method to different metal bonded surface roughness and shape of the particles of different capacities of the gripping effect, the drawback is that  concrete cutting blade the diamond abrasive particle size of the filler particle size rather , after bonding and thus in the same plane, with the mechanical in addition to the packing method , there may give some diamond abrasive brush together , especially those close to equal area like shape of the particles , smooth surface of the particles .

diamond abrasive and filler mixed in advance

Diamond grinding wheel used more widely , mainly for grinding or cutting , then you know how to process diamond wheel is made ​​of it ? Here we introduce a simple method for processing diamond wheel :
Prior and diamond abrasive fillers , these concrete ring saw  fillers can be salts, glass beads or magnetic particles. After bonding , 20% the thickness of the filler particles are bonded by a metal binding agent , these fillers were used in addition to the following methods : dissolution method , sublimation method or magnetic method . This method of diamond abrasive filler particle size and particle size roughly the same amount of filler to make the diamond abrasive work surface to achieve the required concentration . The disadvantage of these methods is complicated in  tile cutting blades addition to the filler , require special set of methods .
In addition to the filler is a relatively simple method using the spherical filler particles, the surface is smooth, a metal binding agent is first deposited diamond abrasive grains having a thickness of 20% of the height , and the filler brush with a brush , and finally continue the metal binding agent is deposited to predetermined thickness , use of this method to different metal bonded surface roughness and shape of the particles of different capacities of the gripping effect, the drawback is that the diamond abrasive particle  concrete saws size of the filler particle size rather , after bonding and thus in the same plane, with the mechanical in addition to the packing method , there may give some diamond abrasive brush together , especially those close to equal area like shape of the particles , smooth surface of the particles .

diamond grinding wheel wear problems

Diamond Wheel inevitable after prolonged use wear and damage , this time we need to staff promptly replaced , here we sds hammer drill bits  come briefly under diamond wheel replacement note:
Wear problems :
Any wheel has its use wear certain requirements to achieve a certain degree of wear must be re- replacement of the grinding wheel . Not in order to save material , it requires the use of masonry drill bits  ultra- wear , which is a very unsafe violations . General rule, when the wheel wear to chuck diameter than the diameter of 10mm, it should be replaced with new wheel .
Valid question: from the Treasury brought out a new wheel is not necessarily qualified wheel, or even buy a new wheel from the factory are not necessarily qualified wheel . Any wheel has its certain expiration date, the expiration date of use, it is qualified wheel ; than valid to use , it is not necessarily qualified wheel . Statutes provides that " wheel should be used within the validity period , resin and rubber bonded grinding wheel storage after one year must be approved by rotation test , those  bandsaw blades who pass before using ."
Texture questions:
During use , if found partial wheel cracks should immediately stop using and re- replacement of the grinding wheel , grinding wheel to avoid crushing injury accident .

on the blade cutting

1, idle: in particular, the first use of a new base, the need to idle for about 30 minutes, the summer hot season needs to bring water idling, which aims to further eliminate welding head when matrix effects and enhanced blade rotating at high speed state to maintain sand paper  the intrinsic quality of memory.
2, blocks of not less than 0.5m3, and placed securely, the bottom should be well-wood pad, plug SUCOOT prison, blocks should be located in symmetrical positions workbench, workbench cars and blocks to ensure the stability, without shaking , shaking phenomenon.
3, according to the blocks of length, width, height adjusting limit switch, the blade lift and skip the trip in a reliable and effective range. Saw blade should leave before sawing blocks up to 10 ~ 20mm. After sawing, saw cut should be left away from the blocks at the bottom of 20-40mm, knife blade to go about running, you should exit all blocks Jukou the blade from not less than 150-200mm, to prevent the blade hit Shortage material.
4, the blade idling stable only after a trial cut blocks are not allowed contact with the blade starts cutting edge blade, cutting blade rotation are not allowed to stop, to withdraw Jukou before stalling.
5, cutting blocks are shaking if found should immediately stop cutting the blocks to be firmly fixed before it can continue working, cutting, are not allowed to move in any blocks.
6, the cutting blade and found a significant slowdown or even clip knife phenomenon, it may be belt slippage, compression nut loose or too large depth of cut, the cutting speed is too fast and other reasons, should be timely adjusted.
7, the line speed should be  metal drill bits processed stone hardness and wear resistance to adapt, line speed table are recommended cutting different types of stone. Tip: line speed is not high, an increase in cutting efficiency, will reduce the life of the blade.
8, feed rate, depending on the processing of the material properties of each material when the cutting depth must have a certain range of the feed rate, if the speed is too high, will accelerate the wear of diamond or even fall off, causing the blade consumption too fast, if the speed is too low, then they will make the process of self-sharpening blades can not be normal, so "blunt, skid" lost cutting capacity. Under normal circumstances, the feed speed is slower when cutting, sawing should be in uniform for the common typical materials, when the cutting depth is 20mm, recommend the following feed rate table for your reference, when the thickness changes, the cutting speed can be Press the cutting area (cm2/min) to conversion. Tip: The first feed or each piece of board should be reduced by half for the first three walks.
9, the cutting depth for medium hard stone such as marble, limestone cut through at once, for hard stone and abrasive such as large granite, sandstone should step cutting, saw cutting granite monolithic, eating knife depth is generally 10-20mm , depth of cut marble cutting 50-100mm, more than double-sided cutting hard granite, depth of cut of each 3-5mm, should be based on the hardness of the stone, using a saw blade and the fixed performance, efficiency recommend the following table for your reference. Common materials cutting efficiency table Note: "1" indicates low power finishing; "2" indicates a high power roughing.
10, the blade rotation direction of the same stone as the feed direction along the cutting, contrary to reverse cutting, and reverse cutting, due to an upward vertical force component, in the form of stone off potential, therefore, is a solid stone, under the same conditions Next, you should try using smooth cutting. When using reverse cutting, cutting depth to be reduced, generally reduced to shun cutting 1/3-1/2.
11 In summary, the basic requirements for wet saw blades  selection cutting process are: low hardness, good stone cutting performance can be deeply walking, brisk walking contrary shallow cut, ie corresponding to the same stone and saw and saw blade should be cutting efficiency, cutting board, good quality, long life blade and matrix process parameters prevail, the four complementary and mutually dependent, must not generalize. For example, when the saw blade cutting speed can not be maintained, indicating a blunt blade, cutting depth should be reduced while increasing the cutting speed to sharpening blades.

carbide saw blade grinding

Carbide saw blade grinding surface and in accordance with rake angle of the surface after a 1:3 relationship, only when the saw blade through the right to make the tool after grinding to maintain normal working life. Incorrect grinding, if only the front face or only from  granite polishing pads a corner after corner knife surface grinding tool life will be shortened. Another important point is that the whole area should be fully worn grinding. Carbide saw blade sharpening machine is placed on automatic grinding, due to quality reasons, we do not recommend universal grinding machine grinding blade manually, automatic CNC grinding performance guarantee rake surface and the surface of the posterior horn of the repair mill entirely in the tamping rammer  same direction.
Rake surface and the posterior horn of the surface grinding carbide teeth ensure ideal working condition and stable life, serrated remaining length and width should be at least not less than 1 mm (measured starting from tooth Block).
Saws grinding
To prevent large diamond dressing grinding wheel wear, it is necessary to saw the side of the sawtooth sufficient living a side projecting portion. On the other hand, the maximum lateral projection on each side should not exceed 1.0 to 1.2 mm in order to ensure the stability of the  ceramic tile saw sawtooth.
Changes flute
Despite grinding reduces jagged length, but YFENG flute design ensures heat off of the saw blade grinding operation has sufficient chip space, thus avoiding grinding teeth grinding while the flutes to the case .

how hard diamonds and diamond physical properties

Modern science and technology, the means to explore the formation of diamond provides new ideas and methods. Diamond is the hardest, most simple ingredients gem, which is composed of carbon atoms, with a cubic structure of natural crystals. Its composition and our diamond hole saw  common coal, pencil lead, and the same constituent sugars, carbon at a higher temperature and pressure, the crystallization of graphite (black), and in high temperature, high pressure and reducing environment (usually it is one kind of oxygen environment) in the crystallization of precious diamonds (white). In order to facilitate the understanding of the origin of diamonds, first look at the original rock containing diamonds.
Since diamonds were discovered in India, we have been hearing people in the river, riverside picked up the story of the diamond, which is due in the river somewhere upstream of diamond original rock, weathered, broken, with the water being brought diamonds to downstream areas, than the major diamond buried in the gravel. What is the original rock diamonds? 1870 people on a farm in South Africa dug in loess diamonds, diamonds  carbide saw blades dug from the riverbed thereafter transferred to the loess, loess Here is rock hard, dark blue, it is the diamond original rock - kimberlite (kimberlite). What is kimberlite?
Kimberlite is formed deep in the earth, contains a lot of carbon dioxide and other volatile components of alkaline ultramafic volcanic rocks often contain such deep from the earth peridotite, eclogite fragments, the main mineral ingredients include olives Stone, phlogopite, carbonate, pyroxene, garnet and so on. Studies have shown that the formation of kimberlite magma deep in the earth 150 km or less. Because of this rock was discovered first in Kimberley, South Africa, so named by the names.
Another original rock containing diamonds known lamproite (lamproite), it is a too alkaline magnesia volcanic rock, mainly composed of leucite, volcanic glass formed may contain pyroxene, olivine and other minerals, typical origin of Western Australia Argyle (Argyle).
Scientists from around the world through a different pair of diamond mines and mineral inclusions natively study found that diamond formation conditions generally pressure 4.5-6.0Gpa (equivalent to 150-200km depth) and a temperature of 1100-1500 degrees Celsius. Although in theory, diamonds can be formed in various periods of history of the earth / phase, while current exploitation of mines, most of the diamonds formed mainly in the 3.3 billion years ago and 12-17 million years these two periods. Some, such as the South African diamond age of about 4.5 billion, indicating that these diamonds in the Earth already begun shortly after the birth of the deep in the earth crystal diamond is the world's oldest gems.
Diamond formation requires a long historical process, which is mainly produced from diamond on Earth ancient stable continental regions can be confirmed. In addition, the stars on the planet extraterrestrial impact, resulting in instantaneous temperature, high pressure, but also the formation of diamonds, such as 1988 years ago, the Soviet Academy of Sciences reported that diamonds were discovered in meteorites, but this effect has no economic value of a diamond formation.
Rare diamonds mainly in two types of rocks, a class is peridotite categories, one is the eclogite, but only the former has economic significance. Diamond-bearing peridotite, so far discovered two types: kimberlite (kimberlite) (name derives from South Africa was a place name - Kimberley) and lamproite (lamproite), both in the rocks are made from volcanic eruptions effect generated deep in the earth's rocks formed by the volcanic activity was brought to the surface or shallow earth, this magmatic rocks mostly tubular output, so called "tube mine" (ie, primary ore).
Diamond-bearing kimberlite or lamproite exposed at the surface, through the wind and rain outside forces such as the role of Earth's weathered, broken, washed in water, the crushing of the original rock drill is brought to bed together, and even the coast Strip the  hole saw blades product down, forming alluvial sand deposits (or secondary deposits).
Just how hard [Diamond]
Diamond is the hardest substance in nature, is a Mohs hardness of 10 unique mineral, it is known as "the king of hardness." Its anti-friction hardness of corundum 140 times, 1100 times more than quartz and thus its unparalleled hardness can be imagined.
It should be pointed out: the hardness of diamonds here that particularly large, it is the ability to resist external forces scored; but it also has a brittle, afraid to hit, strike it or will stumble along its cleavage after crushing. So even though the diamond is the hardest substance in nature, but it is also possible to use a hammer to crack it. Therefore, wearing diamond jewelry, you should pay special attention to protection.