Detection of diamond grinding wheel performance

Diamond grinding wheel used more widely, it is how prospects like it, let Xiaobian together to explore with you the next issue it. Diamond wheel is grinding carbide, glass, ceramics, gems high brittle material effects tools. In recent years, with the rapid development of high-speed grinding ultra-precision grinding technology, put a higher demand on the wheel, ceramic resin bonded grinding wheel can not meet production sds hammer drill bits  needs, metal bonded grinding wheel because the combination of high strength, good formability, Notable features long life and production has been widely used. Metal-bonded diamond grinding wheel manufacturer in different ways according to the main sintering, plating two types. In order to give full play to the role of super abrasive abroad since the early 1990s, beginning with high temperature brazing process to develop a new wheel, namely single-temperature brazing superabrasive grinding wheels, grinding wheels currently still in the research and development of this stage.
Detection method using DHM-3 test machine, you can use the following two methods to achieve the detection performance of the diamond grinding wheel:
By detecting the consumption of the test piece and the grinding wheel, the wear of both the calculated ratio reflects the diamond polishing tools  performance of the grinding wheel. The steps are:
 ① were weighed and the weight of the wheel test block Gl, G2, and then the wheel and test block mounted on the DHM-3.
  ② Set consumption test block, before grinding to L1, after grinding to L2.
 ③ wheel set line speed test block wobble.
 After the touch screen said data set to open the equipment operation; ground when the test piece is set to a minimum when L2, DHM-3 automatically stops running and the running time of the record process. At this point, remove the wheel and test block, and then were called whichever weight G1 ', c2', wear ratio calculation.
Through attrition ratio reflects the grinding wheel performance. Wear ratio is smaller, more wearable wheel. Running time core bits for concrete  mainly reflects the sharpness wheel, when asked to run shorter, indicating wheel more sharp.
When asked by detecting running performance reflects the diamond wheel grinding wheel. Through experimental study, we found that the more appropriate square enamel Taiwan prosecutors guillotine ceramic diamond grinding wheel and grinding wheel performance ceramic CRN, because these two resin diamond grinding wheel to abrasion than much consumption can therefore be ignored wheel ship

In the selection of carbide saw blades which should be noted when

Contains tooth carbide saw blades, angle, number of teeth, blade thickness, blade diameter, carbide, etc. Most types of parameters that determine the processing capacity of the saw blade and cutting. When you select the correct selection of the blade to blade parameters based on need. Tooth, tooth commonly have flat teeth, Dou tooth, trapezoidal tooth, inverted  core bits for concrete trapezoidal tooth (Figure 1). Flat teeth the most widely used, mainly for ordinary wood sawing, this tooth is relatively simple, rough kerf, slotting process operating level during tooth formation can bottom. Dou teeth sawing kerf quality is better for cutting all kinds of wood-based panels, plywood. Trapezoidal tooth suitable sawing plywood, fire board, obtain higher cutting quality. Inverted trapezoidal tooth saw blade used in the bottom slot. Zigzag zigzag angle is in the cutting position. Serrated cutting angle affects the performance results. Greatest impact is on the cutting rake angle γ, the angle α, wedge angle β. Rake angle γ is serrated cutting edge angle, the greater the cutting rake angle more brisk, rake angle generally between 10-15 °.
After the angle is the angle between the machined  diamond polishing tools surface of the sawtooth between its role is to prevent the serrations machined friction surface, the smaller the angle the greater the friction, the more smooth the processing products. After the general value of carbide saw blade angle 15 °. Wedge angle is derived from the anterior horn and posterior horn out. But the wedge angle is not too small, it plays a role in keeping the teeth, according to strength, heat resistance, durability degrees. The rake angle γ, the angle α, the wedge angle β of the three equals 90 °. Jagged teeth, teeth more generally, the more the cutting edge per unit time, the better the cutting performance, but required more and more carbide cutting teeth number, the price of the blade is high, but too dense serrated , the chip between the teeth becomes smaller, the heat is easy to cause the blade; sawtooth excessive addition, when the feed amount of mismatch, then cut per tooth is small, the friction will increase with the workpiece edge, the life impact of  concrete diamond blades the blade . Typically tooth pitch 15-25mm, should be selected based on a reasonable number of teeth sawing material. The thickness of the blade from the saw blade in theory, we hope the thinner the better, is actually a kerf consumption. Materials and manufacturing processes carbide saw blade sawing board determines the thickness of the blade. To consider when selecting blade thickness from work and the stability of the blade sawing materials. Diameter and thickness of the blade used for cutting and sawing equipment related artifacts. Blade diameter is small, the cutting speed is relatively low; blade diameter saw blade and cutting equipment requirements will be higher, while cutting efficiency is high.

How to avoid the cutting process burns

The question now is how to avoid burns during cutting , the low cutting efficiency.
The first is whether the choice of wheel hardness is too high or too bottom , should burn microstructure appears too high , can not accurately test the organizational structure of material errors. Should the hardness appears over the bottom end of the cutting efficiency , waste cutting disc . How can the cutting process does not burn and sharp, the diamond blades  hardness of the material needs to be used correctly detected , and the cooling fluid.
 Followed by the selection of cutting slices of raw materials , alumina material of choice for cutting metal materials , cutting non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials of choice for silicon carbide material. Because the cutting metal material with no chemical reaction with the metal alumina material chemical composition, facilitates the cut . Non-metallic and non-ferrous metal chemical activity of small, silicon carbide material itself chemically active than the alumina , better cutting performance , small burns , wear and small .
 Once again, the particle size , particle size selection in favor of a moderate cut . If the request should use dry cut blades  sharp coarse granularity. If you require high precision cutting , partial fine granularity should be used abrasive .
 In short , the problem of the cutting process in metallurgical samples to the hardness of the material before and determined in the selection of cut pieces . In the selection of the targeted cut sheet material. Unlike ordinary metallurgical cutting metal cutting , common metal not require more than you can burn off just durable resin grinding wheel cutting disc quality analysis resin grinding wheel cutting disc with ceramic small wheel , super oil stone , plated grinding wheels, abrasive resin ( superhard and Cape mill ) products, suitable for business investment , marketing is not difficult , most can be said cottage , less investment , less employment , small footprint, simple process , which produces high- quality products with stable quality there are some difficulties, only regular visits to customers , invested research and development of new products , a lot to learn advanced technology to the workshop to develop into a real business.
    ( 1 ) Abrasive material: Common abrasive cutting wheels have cut brown jade (A), white fused alumina (wA), black corundum (BA), silicon carbide (c) , the most commonly used is corundum, corundum hardness because high , high toughness and shape , applicability and low price compared to other abrasive characteristics . Corundum their reduction in the adequacy of primary smelting and secondary sand sand , mainly in the chemical composition : Al2O3 content level sands ≥ 94.5; Al2O3 content of 94.5% of secondary sand ; generally around 85% and Fe2O3 content of 4-5% ; therefore stone polishing pads  lower than the hardness of the secondary level sand sand , but the price is also low ; corundum for a variety of carbon and alloy steel processing in general ; higher than white fused corundum hardness, brittleness large , grinding heat is small, because the price is high , the thermal deformation of the workpiece requires hours , and it also has a special material is used as an abrasive mix processing ; Al2O3 corundum content in the 70 ~ 85%, Fe203 content of 7-9 %. low hardness , cutting forces poor, but the price is cheap ; tall black silicon carbide hardness and brittleness good , sharp cutting edge , good self-sharpening properties, good thermal conductivity, have an advantage in terms of processing non-ferrous metals , plastics , rubber and cast iron .
 2 ) Abrasive Grit: Common particle size : 22 # -80 # , fine granularity low cutting efficiency.
 3 ) Wheel hardness: Hardness used : P, Q, R; N, S; hard wheel generally used to reduce grinding wheel wear. The hardness number of the binding agent , the density of the molding , sintering temperature and sintering time were controlled .
 ( 4 ) binders:
 ( 5 ) Organizations: cutting wheels should be slightly larger number of organizations to improve cutting efficiency : too much strength and influence , often organized No. 3 to 7 . Forming firing ( also called hardening ) the impact of technology on the cutting performance :
 ( 1 ) Molding are: hot , cold, rolled three methods. Thermoforming method required little pressure. Cutting sheet molding density, high hardness , strength ; multi-purpose hot pressing in northern China ; advantage of cold pressing method is that when the heat source is not required for grinding various binding agents ; multi-purpose cold southern China Law ; rolling law required energy is small, small molding density, low efficiency , are less common . Generally without enhanced network has thin wheel and export resin piece wheel with Bo .

Sandpaper in subsistence use of all sizes are too hearty

Sandpaper dipped in water or soapy water and water can be polished during operation can reduce the wear scar, creamy ahead of the coating, and thrifty servant material is not difficult. But  the mill should be lower face painting and coating ability to wait underlying paint layer after complete dry mill, otherwise it is easy to paint  stone drill bits white, absorbent substrates without some initiative mill, in order to protect the disc with sandpaper quality of work, before grinding to polishing tools should be tested.
 Sandpaper in subsistence use of all sizes are too hearty, whether it is plastic industry, metal industry, construction industry or the automotive industry are operating very widespread. Request for the operation of various industries in each sandpaper does not vary, some  characteristics comply with grinding tools, and some sandpaper to comply with  tile cutting blades the shape, material characteristics, such as differences optional sandpaper. It is also a sandpaper disc sand in one species, but the sand is due to the preparation of the disc appearance and operation of divergent samples, so just give it name from scratch, with the addition of a sandpaper is also referred to.
 Sand may be divided into two types of discs, and the non-porous perforated disc sandpaper sandpaper disc, a perforated disc sand to facilitate the discharge of waste in the grinding object debris carbide drill bits  from the hole, advance grinding efficiency. If the disc sand sticking to the speed change master disc, the special operating machinery or hand, using sandpaper polished, mostly for hard and brittle paint kind of grinding, end compared with convenient operation, but disc sand in operation The process will produce a lot of dust, affecting the health scene, which is dominated disc sand to prevent a fragmentation weaknesses problems.

Ultra-thin cutting wheels grinding characteristics and Precautions

Ultra-thin cutting wheel is mainly used for fine grooves and cut close , generally use deep creep feed grinding method. With grinding depth, feed small speed, large contact area of the grinding wheel and the workpiece , narrow kerf , metal removal rate, high grinding precision, good surface quality and material utilization characteristics. The  ore bits for concrete general rule is as follows : 1 ) the overall thickness of the thin -cut piece wheel ( mostly in 0.5mm or less ) , small diameter (20-100mm), fine granularity, high dimensional and geometric precision, light weight , general conditions in the high- speed next use . Average speed of 5000-40000 rpm. 2 ) . Cutting wheel base body mostly thick (0.5-2mm), diameter (100-200mm), coarse granularity , low accuracy , generally used for low speed large depth of cut conditions. Average speed of 3000-10000 rpm. 3 ) ultra-thin cutting wheel to use more fine-grained , and generally having a thickness thinner abrasive particle size accordingly thinning, good surface quality . However, the finer the particle size of the abrasive cutting sharpness drop corresponding to  diamond bandsaw blades the feed rate is reduced accordingly to adapt the particle size of the abrasive machinability 4 ) . Thin cutting wheel cutting depth generally by the user to set the cutting element , the cutting mostly using creep feed grinding process , the depth of a cut to the . As the cutting wheel so thin, poor cutting conditions ( more than 3 face contact with the workpiece ) , making it difficult to heat , and therefore to increase ( flow, pressure ) cooling the cutting area. 5 ) When the cutting wheel at the user has just appeared on the machine does not move or cut the workpiece chipping , the proposal to increase the cutting speed or decrease feed rate ; When the cut after a period of time does not move or chipping , it is recommended to use Whetstone appropriate granularity on the surface of the blade wheel to adjust its sharpness . 6 ) . Workpiece surface quality and cutting and thin cutting wheel performance is mainly related to abrasive particle size , particle size finer surface finish  masonry drill bits processing the better . Simultaneously with the workpiece material , hardness, cutting consumption , machine condition , processing requirements and other factors are also related. General before 7 ) thin cutting wheel and the factory has been shaping the blade , users can directly use . If you need further surgery, recommended green silicon carbide or corundum white stone, grain size selected coarse granularity than the cutting wheel , No. 1-2 ; If the user needs to further open the blade edge , or use some suggested green silicon carbide or corundum white Whetstone , particle size selected fine grain size than the cutting wheel or 1-2 numbers to the same number . 8 ) Cutting general but also with the material to be processed , hardness, precision machining requirements related to initial use is recommended to use the best in the user's original condition , do not easily change cutting parameters . 9 ) user conditions also affect major factor cutting performance , especially in machine tool spindle axial vibration , runout, parallelism directly affects the flanges , etc. cutting wheel balancing precision cutting accuracy.

Suggestions to improve the safety of diamond saw blades

Industrial production, there is a certain risk when using a diamond saw blade tool for the protection of life and attention, its security more and more manufacturers and users attention.
2.1 The new EN13236 standard
On the development of a set of safety standards EN13236 safety performance for superhard materials, tools, and we firmly based on years of product safety awareness and stringent safety  metal grinding wheel testing system security diamond saw 2.2 - 2.2.1 recipe optimization improvements through the use of low- the oxygen content of the raw material powder, diameter 200 mm tiles Steel Institute tablets (1.6 mm thick blade, blade height 7 mm) mass pull teeth strength 15 ~ 20N · m, fully meet the EN13236 standard (12.5N · m), stable sales to the European market. 2.2.2 Process optimization - laser welding
The traditional high-frequency welding, bonding strength of the weld (especially at high temperatures) is not high enough, head injuries and other accidents sawing fly collapse-prone process, not the safety and reliability of the blade. The laser beam welding is used as the laser energy is focused, using the mechanism of penetration welding, the molten tip of the buffer layer and the substrate, to form a solid weld even under the blade, drill case without cooling water, and ensures a high weld strength, to ensure the safety of use. Our company truly the heart of the glass  4 inch circular saw blade  rod cutting machine is your company's diamond saw, now dull, and for the price not lower blade, in order to save costs, would like to ask you, what materials grindstone can be re-used to the blade the blade?
Received such a problem, a little depressed, diamond saw blades are generally toothless,
The hardness of diamond is very high (ranked first), so nothing can be worn almost touch it, you can only use a diamond grinding wheel grind slowly, but it is difficult to grind, like the original sharp edge. Encountered such conditions, usually for blade.
Saw the matrix, the matrix of diamond saw blades, alloy saw blade matrix and packaging business, the company is equipped with the stress detector, stress straightening machine, grinding tools, hardness tester, shearing, leveling machines, hydraulic machines, presses, CNC lathes, flat round grinder, and other professional production equipment  hole saw blades and testing equipment. In order to improve enterprise management level, stable blade, saw the matrix, the matrix of diamond saw blades, blade alloy matrix product quality, continue to meet customer demands and expectations, the company strictly regulate the quality and management requirements.

The main analysis of cutting stainless steel blade introduces the use of materials

Stainless steel ( pipes, profiles , etc. ) , although difficult for processing materials , but its characteristics are not very hard, mainly stainless steel strong adhesion , chip easily adhere to the serrated blade , the cutting conditions worsen , accelerate the blade dulls speed , and therefore difficult for processing classified material . Processing of  metal grinding wheel stainless steel special saw blade, using a standard high-speed home country tungsten and molybdenum alloy steel production, especially for stainless steel milling. Also can be used with ordinary steel , aluminum, copper , plastic and other cutting , milling , slotting .
 Special stainless steel cutting blade materials used
Tungsten and molybdenum high speed steel, cobalt- tungsten-molybdenum alloy steel high speed (HSS-DMO5, HSS-C05)
Special stainless steel cutting blade stock specifications :
Material : HSS-DM05 / HSS-Co bore diameter * thickness * Unit : MM
Plus multi-piece welded carbide saw blade on  carbide drill bits the saw blade matrix , collectively scraper. General since the beginning of the scraper blade outer scraper blade and teeth , the cutting blade is generally used for hardwood , wet outside scraper generally used for cutting wood , tooth scraper used for trimming or edge blade , but can not be generalized . Rui Shi to multi-chip saw blade , for example, the general design of the blade 10 inches below the number of 2-4 , in order to allow the blade play the biggest role , mostly designed for outer blade , 12- inch blade design and the number of 4-8 inner and outer blade scraper each half , symmetrical design . Multi-chip saw blade with scraper is a trend of foreign companies before the invention of the earlier multi-chip saw blade with a blade . When cutting wet wood diamond hole saw  and hardwood , in order to achieve better cutting effect , reducing tooth paste blade burning piece of machinery to increase chip capacity, reduce the number of grinding and increase durability. However , multi-chip saw blade with a blade grinding difficult , generally can not be grinding equipment , the price is also relatively high .

About the multi-chip saw blade aperture , tooth and coating

Multi-chip saw blade aperture
Multi-chip saw blade aperture of course, first look at the requirements of the machine , because it is a multi-chip installed together , in order to ensure stability, the general design of the aperture is larger than conventional blade aperture , the aperture while the Concrete saw blades  majority of the increase , plus a special method of installation Flanges and keyway design to facilitate adding coolant , but also increase stability. General 110-200MM blade aperture between the outer diameter of 35-40 ,230-300MM blade aperture between the outer diameter of 40-70, 300MM over the blade is generally less than 50MM.
Multi-chip saw blade tooth
Multi-chip saw blade tooth is generally around the turn of the teeth , but a few small diameter blades are also designed to be flat teeth .
 Multi-chip saw blade coating
After the multi-chip saw blade welding grinding is completed, usually coating treatment , reportedly can extend life, it is mainly for blade looks beautiful, especially in multi-chip saw blade with scraper, welding current level , scraper Department has very obvious traces of welding , so before coating treatment , in order to maintain appearance. Plus multi-piece welded carbide saw blade on the saw blade matrix , collectively scraper. General core bits for concrete  since the beginning of the scraper blade outer scraper blade and teeth , the cutting blade is generally used for hardwood , wet outside scraper generally used for cutting wood , tooth scraper used for trimming or edge blade , but can not be generalized . Rui Shi to multi-chip saw blade , for example, the general design of the blade 10 inches below the number of 2-4 , in order to allow the blade play the biggest role , mostly designed for outer blade , 12- inch blade design and the number of 4-8 inner and outer blade scraper each half , symmetrical design . Multi-chip saw blade with scraper is a  4 inch saw blades trend of foreign companies before the invention of the earlier multi-chip saw blade with a blade . When cutting wet wood and hardwood , in order to achieve better cutting effect , reducing tooth paste blade burning piece of machinery to increase chip capacity, reduce the number of grinding and increase durability. However , multi-chip saw blade with a blade grinding difficult , generally can not be grinding equipment , the price is also relatively high .

Diamond File mainly suitable for carbide

Diamond pen is a new wheel dressing tool, using powder metallurgy hot pressing process, the matrix alloy wear resistance, high strength, diamond alloy matrix is ​​firmly embedded, not falling, the diamond particles are arranged according to certain requirements in the alloy matrix, easy to use and do not need tough grind and back ...
2 diamond grinding wheel / diamond wheel cutter
Company specializing in the  concrete saw blades production of ceramics, resin, metal is bonded diamond or CBN grinding wheel, mainly used for carbide tools, ceramic materials, magnetic materials, PCD, PCBN cutting tools, funnels and grinding of ferrous and nonferrous metals processing . And according to customer ...
3 natural diamond dresser
Natural diamond dresser multi natural diamond particles sintered regularly arranged in the alloy matrix, and fixed to the cutter body. For fine grinding wheel dressing is an economical, practical and novel wheel dressing tool. It has the shape of round, square, etc., do not use ...
4 Diamond grinding / grinding
Electroplated diamond and CBN electroplated diamond and CBN grinding grinding for carbide, high carbon steel, bearing  circular blades steel miniature bearings, tools, and other precision parts machining holes of various shapes and a variety of special-shaped cavity molding grinding. And jade carving pondering other working ...
5 Diamond File
Diamond File mainly suitable for carbide, hardened steel trimming, cutting and filing and repair mode, also applies to the noble cutting and filing non-metallic materials, such as: silicon, crystal and other materials ......
6 diamond indenter
Diamond indenter are made of high-quality masonry drill bits  natural diamond processing, is a key fitting a variety of hardness. The company produces pressure head varieties, specifications, high precision, and long life, beautifully packaged.

conical wheel gear: wheel trimmed axial section of a toothed rack

 1 disc grinding machine: two twisted dish rack wheel is equivalent to two narrow tooth surface, the workpiece through the rounded plate and strip for the exhibition into activities, tasks Taiwan along the axial direction as to the workpiece his activities to grind the masonry blades   entire tooth width. Each finished grinding a tooth after the dividing head frame after dividing plate of teeth. This tool can also be applied additional installation grinding bevel. If using a grinding wheel into the internal gear, internal gear grinding can. This machine is a horizontal structure of ordinary, when machining diameters greater than 1 m vertical structure with an accuracy of up to four, together for grinding precision gears.
2 conical wheel gear: wheel trimmed axial section of a toothed rack, and a straight line along the tooth to come and activities. Workpiece through the worm gear, screw and communication gear and developed into a complete indexing activities, but also effective rounded plate and strip for developed into activity, the application of worm or indexing plate for indexing activities. Wheel rack rotated by an angle helix angle of  dry cut blades the workpiece when grinding helical gear. This machine adjustment convenience, versatility, and fit for single batch production, wider use.
3 worm wheel gear: truth and hobbing similar, large-diameter wheel as a single head worm shape, of a turn each wheel, the workpiece is rotated one tooth, and its transmission ratio accurately, some with mechanical transmission, some with synchronous motor idea identify drivers, some with raster and servo motor. For grinding the workpiece axially feeding activities in order to grind the entire tooth surface. Diamond tools for grinding wheel turning or rolling roll into worm-shaped. Machine tools for the vertical structure, the continuation of indexing, high grinding efficiency, co-processed for batch production medium modulus gear on gear teeth and more particularly  circular blades suitable, accuracy up to four.
4 large flat grinding machine: the wheel of a task plane is equivalent to a rack tooth surface, with involute master develop into activities occurred. Grinding wheel and the workpiece is not longing for the workpiece axis complex activities, grind the side of the tooth surface after the application of sub-dividing plate teeth (The company specializes in producing aluminum cutting machine), sequentially grind all tooth surfaces. Then turn around the workpiece, and then grind the other side of the tooth surface. Machine is a horizontal structure, simple structure, function the same, accuracy up to 3, first and foremost for grinding shaper cutters, shaving cutters and metering measuring gear.

Classification of diamond saw blades

Widely used in the processing of stone , ceramics and other hard and brittle materials, diamond saw blades made ​​up of two parts ; . Head substrate and the supporting substrate is the major portion of the bonding head , and the head is cut from the course part , the head , in use, will be consumed continuously while the substrate is not , since the cutting head is able to effect because it contains diamond, diamond as the most concrete ring saw  rigid material, which cutting head friction the object to be processed while the metal inclusions in the diamond particles from inside the head . During use , the metal matrix and diamond along with consumption, the ideal situation is generally more metal carcass consumed faster than the diamond , so can guarantee the sharpness of the tip of the blade while ensuring a longer life , the middle part is generally Mn steel substrate . outer part is heads.
Classification of diamond saw blades
More and more industries use diamond saw in the production process , with the breakdown of industry consolidation , the type of diamond saw blades are becoming increasingly refined.
I. manufacturing process categories :
1 , sintered diamond saw blades : two of cold and hot sintering sintering , pressing and sintering .
2 , welding diamond saw : two stars frequency welding and laser welding , high frequency welding head through the medium of high temperature to melt and the substrate are welded together , the laser welding head by a high temperature laser beam in contact with the substrate forming a metallurgical bond edge fusion .
3 , electroplated diamond saw blade : It is diamond hole saw  attached to the head by an electroplating method powder on the substrate .
Second Appearance Category:
A continuous edge blade : Continuous serrated diamond saw, generally produced by sintering method , commonly used as a basis for bronze binder matrix material, cutting water to be added to ensure that the effect of cutting and a laser head cutting kinds of useful gap .
2 , blade -type blade : serrated disconnected, cutting speed, suitable for dry and wet cutting methods.
3 , turbine -type blade : 1,2 combines the advantages of the previous two , the sawtooth -like uniform continuous presence turbo punch , improved cutting speed and increase service life.
Different materials selection of different metal grinding wheel  types of diamond saw blades , different powder formulations for different material properties , the quality of materials and products , effects, and even the costs and benefits of the pass rate direct impact . Factors affecting the efficiency and life of saw blade has a particle size , concentration, binding agent , and the hardness of the diamond sawing process parameters and the like . It has cut the number of blades can be wire-speed , cutting feed rate and concentration .

Electroplated diamond and CBN tools

Electroplated diamond and CBN tools , brazed diamond and CBN tools, diamond and CBN grinding wheels , brazed carbide nibs tools, carbide burrs . The company has already passed ISO9001, ISO14001, ISO18000 certification. With excellent production technology and strict quality General purpose blade  control system, the products are widely used in machinery , glass, semiconductors , stone , and other areas of Kennedy , hard, brittle and difficult to machine materials. Enjoy a high reputation in the international market . Followed a " careful, novelty , what customers think " concept , as well as to meet the new requirements of the market continues to improve , and we are working to develop a variety used for cutting , grinding and polishing of new products. Welcome to the new and old customers and our company to work together Concrete saw blades  for common development !
Vitrified diamond wheel with precise rigidity, heat resistance, corrosion resistance , easy to plug fever , high grinding efficiency, easy dressing and so on. 0 ~ 1/8Λm using diamond abrasive grains bonded by low melting temperature heating to prevent graphitization of the diamond abrasive grains during sintering occurs , the success of a binding agent made ​​of porous ceramic diamond wheel . That , when the SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO , etc. appropriate weight ratio , and does not require a non- reducing atmosphere, inert grinding cup wheels  atmosphere during sintering , and can be sintered at a low temperature in the atmosphere 720 ℃ , the diamond abrasive grains may oxidation .
Precision metal bond diamond wheels with high hardness, abrasive and good holding power . Adding aluminum binders of different elements , studied the optimal sintering temperature aluminum bonded grinding wheel , and found that adhesion Al2Sn2Ti2Ni2Co bonded diamond grinding wheel grit and a strong bond . Made by vacuum sintering method Ni2Cu and Ni2Cu2Sn bond diamond wheel and studied mechanical properties and surface state binding agent.

vitrified diamond and CBN grinding wheel slotting process

1 Overview
  Evolving cutting tool materials, from high-speed steel, tungsten, ceramic metal oxide ceramic micro-particles until tungsten. At the same time, the geometry of the tools of new materials, structures, and even change the shape aspect is also changing, led the development of grinding technology, the ceramic tile saw  emergence of new tools for grinding and finishing techniques, as well as a new way of binding agents. This grinding equipment accordingly requests, high power, high material removal rate become a trend, and on this basis is in the processing of higher requirements can also achieve the same machine trimmed.
 On the economic assessment of the grinding process will involve the machine costs, labor costs, management fees and tool costs. Among them, labor hours and machine costs account for as much as 80 percent, which determines the need to improve the economy, the need from the  diamond hole saw following two aspects: 1) high material removal rate, that improve grinding efficiency; 2) to reduce non-grinding time . Enhance the material removal rate by increasing the feed rate and feed rate to achieve every time, and in order to reduce the non-grinding time, consider reducing the frequency of wheel replacement time, as well as aid in the machine grinder trimmed to achieve their goals.
  Recently, has emerged to replace the usual use of resin bond diamond and CBN grinding wheels ideal alternative - vitrified diamond and CBN grinding wheels, grinding its superiority in terms of these two aspects is built in to improve the economy of the above, especially in terms of processing slotted, more fully reflects its advantages.
2 Vitrified diamond or CBN grinding wheel grooving state
  It is undeniable that, because of its strong grinding force and high material removal rate, softer resin bond diamond or CBN grinding wheel in the current machining carbide or high speed steel cutting tools are still to be widely used. However, an increasing awareness of the tool manufacturer, resin bonded grinding wheel there is a lower than poor shape retention and drawbacks, which makes the high cost of machining groove, especially the use of shape processing 14F1 When circular groove, this phenomenon is more serious.
 The vitrified diamond or CBN grinding wheel is able to overcome this shortcoming, it is not only easy to repair, maintain good, but also help to control the chip and the heat of formation of pores, with a strong grinding force.
Usually installed in each wheel, radial and  General purpose blade axial runout will appear, as well as dynamic imbalance and other issues in the use of ceramic binder will encounter, so do not be handling and interior trim will contribute directly to the machine significantly Improved accuracy of the wheel.
3 Vitrified diamond or CBN grinding wheel grooving to use examples
 Grinding parameters:
 Margin ae = 3,5 mm; feed speed vf highest 150mm/min; cutting speed vc = 12-44m / s.
 Trimming parameters:
Wheel feed rate vcd = 18m / s; wheel and wheel speed ratio when dressing qd = 0.7; Feed aed = 3μm.
4 trim system
 Single piece of diamond or CBN grinding wheel vitrified high cost, which is only valid ground floor just a few millimeters, is calculated to be trimmed if added, soon ran out, the amount actually used in the grinding of a workpiece Only 5-10% of the grinding wheel layer, the rest is actually out of the repair. Therefore, the correct way of dressing is very important.

How to replace the worn drill

After some time working in the underground drill , drill scraper blade diameter becomes smaller, shorter, blunt , rock crushing capacity will become weak , slowing progress . Tags: geological coring drill concave three wings drill
Drill a certain time after the underground work , scraper blade diameter drill bit smaller , shorter, blunt , rock Crankshaft Grinding  crushing capacity will become weak , slow down progress ; cone bit due to the erosion of tooth wear , bearing damage , can cause cone rotation is not flexible or cone stuck, the torque increases, if not promptly fall from the cone accidents will happen ; diamond drill due to heterogeneity caused by the formation of PDC drill bits crack occurred on , off, off Similarly the drilling footage slower. To speed up the pace of drilling wells whole , must be replaced with the old drill , and drill a few hundred meters to several kilometers in the underground , how to replace the drill bit drilling workers do ?
When drilling rig power driven  hone tool  turntable, kelly , drill and drill bit rotates through the instrument to observe the work of the underground drill rig floor , after the comprehensive judgment, if deemed drill has been worn , replace the drill bit must immediately stop drilling . After stopping drilling, drilling fluid circulation to maintain a period of time , the purpose is to adjust the good performance of the drilling fluid , and the suspension in drilling cuttings out of the ground, the cycle of the new borehole wall remained stable , while also to carry out routine checks on drilling equipment . Workers drilling derrick crane use on the traveling block and hook, according to the height of the mast by column ( generally consisting of two or three drill ) from the entire drill string from the well . After the drill column in the order from the discharge in the derrick while the drill string downhole stone polishing pads  proposed , to use a pump to keep the annular space drilling infusion fluids , the aim of maintaining the liquid level does not fall within the wellbore so that a wellbore pressure to balance the formation pressure to prevent borehole collapse or underground formation fluids into the wellbore . Meanwhile, we should pay particular attention to the reduced diameter borehole drilling may occur card , the operator should be strictly controlled to improve speed. The entire drill wellbore , drill collars from the rear , while the need to replace the drill bit will play out , workers remove the old drill press drill fitted with a new column under the original order can be restored to the wells after drilling

Grinding wheel used to improve the performance of the basic parameters can not be discounted

Carry on the work of the grinding process , to choose the right material , depending on the hardness of the grinding wheel grain size of the workpiece, in addition to these commonly used during the grinding wheel a few basic parameters , but also pay attention to , so masonry saw blades   as to maximize the improvement of grinding efficiency.
Arc a diamond wheel in contact with the workpiece ( unit : mm).
2 . Wear ratio .
3 grinding energy . Is the energy per unit volume ( or weight ) of the metal consumed removed. Its value is smaller, the better the material can be grinding , metal removal rate is relatively higher .
4 diamond wheel line speed . ( Unit : M / S)
According to grinding machine spindle speed diamond wheel speed can be drawn , then the basis of its diameter , it can draw its line speed. Wheel manufacturers are generally of a standard line  granite core bits speed , i.e. the linear velocity , diameter, rotational speed are related.
5 in the axial cylindrical grinding feed rate ( Unit : mm / r)
According to the width of the wheel , using the appropriate amount of axial feed , in the process , you can ensure efficient grinding efficiency at the same time , to get better results. If coarse steel , feed rate of 30% to 70% of the width of the coarse castings , feed rate of 70 % to 80 % of the width , while grinding , feed rate , compared with 10% of the width to 30 %.
6 inner axial cylindrical grinding feed diamond grinding wheel  rate (unit : m / min). Axial and axial feed rate is the feed rate and workpiece speed related .
7 workpiece speed ( unit : m / min). This is the diameter of the rotational speed of the workpiece and the workpiece related .
Only in a variety of relevant factors are considered comprehensive , and will make the grinding wheel to achieve the best results....

The chemical composition of the diamond and the causes

Diamond is one of many married women must have a baby in mind, this is actually a diamond diamond. This diamond and diamond saw we say what does it matter? A senior quality natural diamond, a diamond for industrial use, poor quality, it may be artificial, but one thing wood band saw blades  is the same: their hardness. Diamond is one of the hardest metals, natural form so hard, but why such a beautiful stone?
First, the chemical composition of the diamond
To understand the formation of the first to know his diamond chemical composition. The chemical composition of the diamond is carbon, which is the only single-element in the gem. Is isometric crystal system. Crystal form mostly octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron, tetrahedron, and their poly shape. Pure colorless diamonds, the mixing of trace elements present different colors. Strong adamantine luster. 2.417 refractive index, dispersion medium, 0.044. Homogeneous body. Thermal conductivity of 0.35 cal / cm? Sec? Degrees. Thermal conductivity meter test, the reaction is most sensitive. Hardness of 10, is the hardest known mineral, quartz absolute hardness is 1000 times, 150 times corundum, fear, hit after hit will be broken along its cleavage. A cleavage completely. Density 3.52 g / cc. Diamond has a luminous, the  Plate Compactor sunlight, the night can emit phosphorescent light cyan. X-ray irradiation, emit blue fluorescence. Diamond is chemically stable at room temperature is not easy to dissolve in acid and alkaline, acid does not produce its effect.
Diamonds and similar gems, synthetic diamond distinction. The gemstone market common substitutes or fake colorless stones, colorless spinel, cubic zirconia, strontium titanate, yttrium aluminum garnet, yttrium gallium garnet, synthetic rutile. Synthetic diamond was first developed in 1955 by the Japanese success, but mass production. Because synthetic diamonds than the high cost of natural diamonds, synthetic diamonds on the market so rare. Diamond its unique hardness, density, and dispersion, the refractive index difference may be similar thereto gems. Such as: Fangzuan cubic zirconia and more colorless, strong dispersion (0.060), strong luster, density, 5.8 g / cc, weigh heavy hand feel obvious. Yttrium aluminum garnet dispersion soft, it is difficult to visually distinguish the diamond.
It has become the people who can stone polishing pads  own, wear mass gems. Diamond's culture and long history, more people today see it as a symbol of love and loyalty.
Second, the causes
These components together is how to become a diamond it? Modern science and technology, the means to explore the formation of diamond provides new ideas and methods. Diamonds are the hardest in the world, the most simple ingredients gem, which is composed of carbon, and a natural cubic crystal structure.

As abrasive wheel itself has high hardness and heat resistance

 As intense friction, leaving the grinding zone temperature is high. This will cause the workpiece to produce stress and deformation of the workpiece surface and even cause burns. Therefore, a  dry polishing pads lot of grinding coolant must be injected to reduce the grinding temperature. Also from the coolant and lubrication chip.
Grinding large radial forces. This will cause the machine - grinding wheel - workpiece system flexibility retreat, the actual depth of cut less than the nominal depth of cut. Therefore, the grinding will be completed when the light is not to be infeed grinding to remove the error.
After blunt abrasive, grinding force also increased, resulting in grain crushing or off, re-exposing the sharp abrasive grinding wheels  edge, this feature is called "self-sharpening." Self-sharpening of the grinding head in a certain period of time to normal, but over a certain working time should be performed after manual trimming, grinding force increases so as to cause vibration, noise, and damage the workpiece surface quality.
As abrasive wheel itself has high hardness and heat resistance, high hardness can be processed so grinding materials such as hardened steel, carbide, etc..
Determine the characteristics of  abrasive grinding wheels the grinding wheel and grinding grinding system can make even a trace cutting, general ap = 0.001 ~ 0.005mm; grinding speed is high, generally up to v = 30 ~ 50m / s; grinder stiffness; adopts hydraulic transmission, Therefore, grinding can be obtained economically with high precision (IT6 ~ IT5) and a small surface roughness (Ra = 0.8 ~ 0.2μm). Grinding is one of the main methods parts finishing.

Ultra-thin diamond grinding wheel series use

Thin diamond grinding wheel diamond grinding wheel is used on the basis of common technology, then after selection through the use of diamond powder metal contact made ​​of ways . A variety of hard concrete core bits  and brittle so it can cut grooving data , such as : a variety of silicon , germanium , ferrite, glass , lithium niobate , gallium phosphide ( diamond wheel ) , lithium tantalate , phosphorus arsenic gallium , gallium arsenide , all kinds of ceramics. Which has high strength and ultra-thin diamond grinding wheel tolerance , high precision, ultra-thin and other features .
 Ultra-thin diamond grinding wheel series is a fact that thin ring. Which will demand pick appropriate scale flange can use , through the use of edge wear after assuming full circle may have been destroyed after the blade , then it can be swapped into a smaller flange can be sustained by trimming after use can be described as very economical. Just simply use another fine grinding wheel flange, then we can get the best cut effect. So  diamond blade saws the use of diamond grinding wheel conditions are what it ?
1 cut diamond grinding wheel speed is necessary more than 80 m / s ;
2 cut diamond grinding wheel normal speed ( to be cut speed ) based on the information and cut precision cut demand conclude , usually 0.5 to 200 mm / seconds ;
 3 cut diamond grinding wheel when it is necessary to water cooling, cooling water flow rate is not less than 2.4 l / min ;
 4 cut diamond grinding wheel grinding wheel thickness and depth of cut based on information determined . Maximum depth cbn wheels  of 3 mm incision is usually within ;
 5 new sand grinding wheel before use is necessary to open with a special marking plate edge marking .
 6 films selected diamond grinding wheel , in order to ensure the best cut effect ( glass grinding wheel ) cut data based on different needs to select the appropriate grit size grinding wheel .

CBN grinding wheel dressing cycle is long

  CBN abrasive hardness higher than normal , high hardness means more sharp

and cutting stronger ; CBN has a higher wear resistance, means that it is

harder than ordinary abrasive wear ; ability  sds drill bit  to maintain the shape of CBN

abrasive high-performance one of the main characteristics of the abrasive ;

CBN high compressive strength , which means that in the harsh conditions of

use it can remain intact and not broken particles ; CBN has good thermal

conductivity , the grinding can be achieved when cold cutting .
1, high hardness, high toughness CBN human hardness only to diamond synthesis

of superhard material is much higher than the normal corundum and silicon

carbide abrasive , and thus has a flap wheels  better cutting ability , more sharp.
2 , high temperature resistance , good thermal stability .
3 , chemical inertness . 4 , good thermal conductivity . 5, the grinding

performance, good surface quality 6 , abrasion resistance and longer life.

CBN grinding wheel ratio up to 3500-5500 , a hundred times more than ordinary

high corundum grinding wheel , diamond grinding wheel 3-5 times higher than

that . 7 , environmental pollution, energy saving. Without too much powder

dust. 8 , high efficiency, good overall economic efficiency . Sharp grinding

, grinding force is small , CBN grinding wheel dressing cycle is long ,

finishing less the amount , the replacement for a long time ; long life

cycle, grinding ratio , getting a better economy, in use to maintain good

shape , without regular replacement wheel and wheel dressing , saving time ,

improving working conditions , is  stone drill bits conducive to the machining operation .
   Cubic boron nitride (CBN) is not suitable for grinding carbide and non-

metallic hard materials . In the grinding temperatures , CBN case of alkaline

aqueous chemical reaction occurs , CBN wheel at 300 ℃ alkaline solution will

be decomposed in boiling water to trace decomposition destroyed crystal

grains will result , so that when grinding only use oil-based coolant , not

water-based coolant.

The main mechanism of grinding wheel burns introduction

When the grinding wheel surface temperature , if the cooling measures is not good , it's easy on the workpiece surface ( from tens to hundreds of um um) occur secondary quenching and tempering . If the grinding wheel surface layer of the instant temperature exceeds steels AC1 point, the role of the secondary coolant quenched martensite , while  concrete saw blades in the subsurface due to temperature gradients , short time , only the formation of high-temperature tempering organization This makes the surface and subsurface between the tensile stress and the surface of a thin brittle secondary hardening martensitic , when can not afford , it will crack.
Heat treatment of
A ) residual austenite retained austenite grinding wheel grinding wheel grinding wheel because heat and pressure generated changes occur at the same time may be accompanied by tempering and grinding wheel surface cracks. Amount of residual austenite should be controlled within 30% .
2 ) carbon concentration diffusion layer nitrided layer carbon concentration is too high, easy to form a nitrided layer tissue or excessive free mesh carbide carbide . Because this substance extremely hard , the wheel grinding process may lead to local overheating tendencies and incidence surface tempering . Nitrided layer carbon concentration is too high, the surface will produce excessive residual austenite. Resulting in burns and cracks. Therefore, the surface carbon concentration increases, reducing the performance of the grinding wheel , the general surface carbon concentration should be controlled within the range of 0.75% -0.95 % .
3 ) carbide distribution should be diamond core drills  uniform carbide distribution and morphology , particle size not greater than the average diameter lμm; carbide morphology should be spherical , powdered or finely punctate distribution along the net , mesh or angular carbides are not allowed .
4 ) decarburization heat treatment . Surface or environmental cause improper surface oxidation , so that the workpiece will produce a thin carbon layer , this layer will cause decarburization soft wheel overload or overheating , resulting in surface tempering .
5 ) tempering the premise of ensuring the hardness , the tempering temperature is as high as possible a number , as long as some of the annealing time . This can improve the surface carburized hardened plastic , and the residual stresses are balanced or lower . Improving the abrasive tools  distribution of surface stress . This can reduce the probability of cracks occur workpiece , thereby improving the efficiency of the grinding wheel grinds the workpiece .
6 ) deformation should minimize heat deformation . This reduces the grinding wheel margin. If the heat deformation is too large, if the operation is not in the workpiece grinding wheel radial runout maximum at the beginning of the grinding wheel , grinding wheel each time point at which the grinding wheel is removed margin would not be normal, resulting in burns and cracks.

CVD diamond coating and the difference between the amorphous diamond coating

(1) CVD diamond coated with amorphous diamond coating difference
Amorphous diamond ( also called diamond-like carbon - Annotation ) coatings are deposited using a PVD process carbon . It has a key part of the diamond SP3 , SP2 also has some carbon bond ; their sds hammer drill bits  film hardness is high, but lower than the hardness of diamond film ; thickness than we usually deposited diamond film to be thinner . Machining graphite , amorphous diamond coated tool life is uncoated carbide tools 2-3 times. In contrast , CVD diamond is deposited using CVD process pure diamond coating , machining graphite carbide cutting tool life is 12-20 times , thereby reducing the number of tool changes to improve the reliability and accuracy of processing consistency.
( 2 ) can not be hardened steel with diamond tooling
Diamond from carbon atoms. Certain materials when heated , sucked from the carbon atoms in diamond and carbide is formed in the workpiece . Iron is one such material . Cutting tools with diamond iron group material , the friction generated heat causes diffusion of carbon atoms in the diamond into the iron , the resulting diamond coating due  diamond blade circular saw to chemical wear and premature failure . 
( 3 ) re-grinding and ( or ) heavy coating of diamond coated tools is difficult to guarantee the quality of the coating formed on the surface as the tool for the pure diamond , so the tool with a diamond wheel for re-grinding takes a very long time. In addition , the growth of the diamond tool used . Preparation of the tool will change the chemical properties of the surface , since the coating of this chemical properties requires very precise control, so the effect of the tool recoating difficult to be guaranteed .
( 4 ) diamond coated tool life varies
Like any other tool , diamond coated tool life varies , depending on the material to be cut , the choice of feed rate and cutting speed , and the geometry of the workpiece and so on. Generally, diamond-coated graphite machining tool life is uncoated carbide tools 10-20 times , in some cases, may even be longer. This way , you can use a tool to complete almost any processing tasks without tool change due to tool wear and to avoid disruption and recalibration process , making it possible to achieve unattended machining . The processing of the composite material , is entirely possible to obtain a longer tool life.
According to reports, in the processing of high-density glass fiber , carbon fiber and Gl0-FR4 other difficult cutting blades  machining composite materials , diamond-coated tool life up to uncoated carbide tool 70 times .
( 5 ) diamond coating spalling can prevent flaking coating of diamond -coated tools are a serious problem , but also a common problem ( especially in the processing of materials like carbon fiber ) , will lead to unpredictable tool life . The late 1990s , interfacial chemical properties were identified as affecting the diamond coating adhesion properties of important factors. By selecting good compatibility Carbide chemical characteristics, the use of appropriate technology and reasonable pre- deposition reaction conditions , it is possible to reduce or eliminate the diamond coating spalling , stably smooth wear patterns . Observed under the microscope normal wear diamond coated tool , you can find the diamond was worn until stable carbide substrate , without chipping or peeling .

The introduction of the surface roughness of diamond grinding wheel

The machined parts diamond grinding wheel surface , there will always be some macro and micro geometry errors , part on the surface of microscopic diamond wheel geometry error is determined by the parts on the surface of a series of tiny diamond wheel spacing valley wood band saw blades  formed , these tiny undulating valley called the degree of surface roughness of diamond wheel parts .
Surface roughness is a measure of diamond wheel diamond grinding wheel surface machining precision parts is an important indicator of the surface roughness of diamond wheel parts will affect the level of two parts in contact with the surface of the diamond wheel friction , motion surface wear , the bonding surface sealing , with a surface of the working precision , the fatigue strength of the rotary member , the appearance of  diamond blade circular saw parts , etc., even on the part of diamond grinding wheel has an impact on the corrosion resistance of the surface . First, you know, resin grinding wheel is made ​​of resin grinding wheel, such as phenolic , epoxy, polyurethane , polyvinyl alcohol, resin grinding wheel is a high strength, can strengthen the wheel to add fiber mesh and steel , such as our cutting discs, grinding, now most of us are not waterproof resin grinding wheel abrasive grinding fluid could not be used , of course, need to add some resin grinding wheel grinding fluids , such as epoxy , resin grinding wheel is a good finish, not easy to burn metal drill bits  currently used in the resin grinding wheel cutting disc, double-end , heavy duty wheels, polishing wheels and so on.
There are many special resin binding cutting diamond wheel for rapid cooling . These wheels especially suitable for carbide tools ( such as saws, cutting machines , drilling tools, end mills , etc. ) grinding . In addition, these tools can also be used carbide dies , rollers and carbide wear parts , precision grinding operations. Resin binding wheel and precision machining of ceramic products, ceramic grinding tungsten carbide and the preferred thermal sprayed layer . CBN grinding wheel can be used with resin glue used in combination for grinding high-speed steel , tool and die steels and superalloys FtRC50 above .

Relationship between the wheel and the substrate

Wheel base affects their quality and use of molding precision level , today ,  here with you to talk about diamond grinding wheel and the substrate relationship , hoping to give you help.
As with the characteristics of diamond abrasive ( high hardness , high compressive strength , good wear concrete diamond blades  resistance ) , the diamond abrasive in grinding become hard and brittle materials and carbide grinding ideal tool not only high efficiency, precision high, and good roughness , abrasive consumption, long life, but can also improve working conditions . Diamond diamond abrasive wheel features include the type, size, concentration , and geometry of binders . It is widely used for general abrasive difficult to process low iron content of the metal and non-metallic brittle materials , such as tungsten carbide ( carbide ) , alumina ceramic , optical glass , agate gemstone , semiconductor materials , stone , ceramics, ferrite body , hard and brittle materials such as semiconductor materials and metallic materials, grinding , carbide materials, shape Edge 2000 Pads  processing , electrolytic grinding, and grinding center drill with diamond grinding other heavy-duty cutting , grinding abrasion with good , high efficiency, long life characteristics .
Therefore, the collective choice of diamond is very important , everyone in the selection process must be careful . Our resin grinding wheel should have some preliminary understanding, but it should still be enough to understand the properties of a comprehensive , how  diamond cup wheels in everyday use will maximize the efficiency of resin grinding wheel , let us work together to understand :
First, you know, resin grinding wheel is made ​​of resin grinding wheel, such as phenolic , epoxy, polyurethane , polyvinyl alcohol, resin grinding wheel is a high strength, can strengthen the wheel to add fiber mesh and steel , such as our cutting discs, grinding, now most of us are not waterproof resin grinding wheel abrasive grinding fluid could not be used , of course, need to add some resin grinding wheel grinding fluids , such as epoxy , resin grinding wheel is a good finish, not easy to burn currently used in the resin grinding wheel cutting disc, double-end , heavy duty wheels, polishing wheels and so on.

Use some method of diamond tools

Diamond cutting tool is mainly processing of non-metallic materials of high hardness , scope more widely, then we use diamond tool tips when you do what ? 1 , different specifications and uses of the blade , the blade angle and the design matrix forms are different, as far as possible according to their corresponding occasions ; 2, the device spindle and plywood size and shape and position accuracy with the results there are influence , installation and adjustment to be checked before the blade . Especially iamond tools manufacturer  for plywood blade contact surface with the impact caused by the clamping force to slip displacement factors must be excluded ;
3 , pay attention to the work of the blade , an exception occurs, such as vibration, my voice , machined surface material moving situation, you must promptly stop adjustment , and timely grinding, maintaining peak interest ;
4 , grinding blade must not change its original angle , to avoid sudden thermal quench local head , the best professional grinding
  Diamond tools with high hardness and wear resistance , low friction coefficient, high elastic metal drill bits  modulus , high thermal conductivity , low thermal expansion coefficient, and low affinity and non-ferrous metals and so on. Can be used for non-metal brittle materials such as graphite , high wear-resistant materials , composite materials, high toughness silicon aluminum alloy and other non-ferrous materials, precision machining . Many types of diamond tools , the performance difference was significant , the structure of different types of diamond tools , method of preparation and application areas is quite different .
Within a certain range , when the diamond concentration changes from low to high , the blade sharpness and cutting efficiency carbide tipped saw blade  decreased, while life is gradually extended ; but the concentration is too high , the blade becomes blunt . The use of low concentration , coarse , efficiency will be increased . The use of various parts of the cutting head when the different roles of different concentrations ( i.e. three or more layer structure in the intermediate layer can be used in low concentrations ) , the saw blade during the work head to form an intermediate groove , with helps prevent blade deflection , thereby improving the quality of stone processing .

Diamond Wheel introduce a variety of classification

Diamond grinding wheel by binding agents can be divided into: resin bond diamond wheel ; vitrified diamond grinding wheel ; metal bond diamond wheel ( bronze bond diamond wheel ) diamond grinding wheel according  industrial saw blades to the production process can be divided into: sintered diamond wheel ( resin bond diamond grinding wheel ; vitrified diamond grinding wheel ; metal bond diamond wheel ) ; electroplated diamond grinding wheel ; brazed diamond wheel . Diamond grinding wheel can be divided according to : diamond with diamond grinding wheel ; grinding carbide with diamond wheel ( diamond cutter grinding wheel ) ; PDC with diamond grinding wheel ; coreless grinder with a diamond centerless grinding wheel ; grinding ceramics with wood drill bits  a diamond wheel ; cutting diamond wheel ( also known as diamond cutting discs ) ; diamond saw .
Diamond grinding wheel by the appearance or shape can be divided into : Parallel grinding wheel ; cylindrical grinding wheel ; cup wheels ; Wheel Bowl ; disc wheel ; grinding wheel ; disc and so on.
First we have to consider its abrasive texture, iron roller, rubber roller , copper roller and so on. Do not have to be the same as the material pairing with the corresponding wheel .
Second, we have to consider is  wet tile saw the size of choice, when you want to select coarse grained diamond wheels and vice versa , when faced with ultra- fine grinding wheel to use powder .
Finally also take into account the hardness , wheel wear fast, then you want to do the following:
One , trying to improve its wheel speed
2 , the pressure roller will have to reduce the speed aspect
3, to improve longitudinal feed speed

How to replace the worn drill

Bits in underground work after a certain time, scraper blade drill a smaller diameter, shorter, blunt, rock crushing capacity will become weak, progress slowed down. Tags: Geological coring drill bit concave three wings
Bits in underground work after a certain time, scraper blade drill a smaller diameter, shorter, blunt, rock diamond bandsaw blades  crushing capacity will become weak, slowed down progress; cone drill because tooth wear erosion, bearing damage, can cause cone rotation is not flexible or cone stuck, the torque increases, if not promptly fall from the cone accidents will happen; diamond drill due to the heterogeneity caused by the formation of the PDC drill occurred crack, break, out , also makes drilling footage slower. To speed up the whole well drilling speed, must be replaced with the old drill and drill bit is a few hundred meters to several kilometers underground, how to replace the drill rig workers do?
Drilling rig power driven turntable, kelly, drill and drill bit rotates through observation instrument ground rig drill underground work, as consolidated judgment, if that bit has been worn, replace the drill bit should immediately stop drilling . After stopping drilling to  tile cutting blades continue to maintain the drilling fluid circulation for some time, the purpose is to adjust the performance of the drilling fluid and the cuttings suspended in the fluid out of the ground, the loop so that the new wellbore wall remained stable, while also To carry out routine inspections of drilling equipment. Workers use derrick drilling crown block, traveling block and hook, according to the height of the derrick by column (generally composed of two or three drill) from drilling wells up out of all. After the drill column from the discharge order in the derrick, the proposed downhole drill string while continuing to use the drilling pump perfusion fluid annular space, the  concrete cutting blade purpose is to keep the wellbore fluid level does not drop, the wellbore pressure to balance the formation pressure to prevent borehole collapse or underground formation fluid into the wellbore. Meanwhile, we should pay particular attention to the reduced diameter borehole sticking may occur, the operator must be strictly controlled to enhance speed. All within the wellbore drill pipe, drill collars, after starting out, the need to replace the drill will also act out the workers after removing the old drill press fitted with the new drill down to the original column order can be restored after drilling wells .

Drill a brief description of the use of technology

Different well structure, the size of rock bit, type and use are special requirements. As general requirements whipstock cone drill teeth or warranty with trimming path structure, the use requiring high speed, low WOB and so on. Tags: three-wing concave concave geological core drill bit
Different well structure, the PCD grinding wheel  size of rock bit, type and use are special requirements. As general requirements whipstock cone drill teeth or warranty with trimming path structure, the use requiring high speed, low WOB and so on.
WOB and RPM to determine, not only determines the efficiency of the rock crusher cone bits, but also affect the cone drill teeth, bearing wear. Asai, soft formations, rock bit to shearing based, generally using high speed, low WOB. Medium hard formations, rock bit shearing, impact, crush comprehensive role, generally use medium speed and concrete drill bits  medium and high WOB.
Crustal rocks in different positions, which greatly changes the mechanical properties of the rock. Deeply buried rocks, in the multi-directional compression stress state, the rock porosity decreases, the intensity increases. Cementation upper hole section generally loose, soft, high speed roller bits, drill down. Lower section generally rock hard, abrasive large, low speed cone drill, drill pressure is high, use a long time. Lithology and different soft and hard rock crushing mechanism is different, resulting cone bit different forms of failure. Our various oil drilling in  masonry drill bits the common lithology, its mechanical properties are measured petrophysical.
Controlled drilling drill Type: PCB drilling with a drill with straight shank twist drill, twist drill set and fixed shank shank Spade (undercut) drill bit. Straight shank twist drill mostly for single head machines, PCB drilling relatively simple or single panels.

quality control has guiding significance

Sheet wheel performance depends largely on the merits of using abrasive quality, good quality abrasives, grinding wheels, high grade, and in the more expensive price. As the domestic high-grade bauxite resource depletion, a variety of raw materials and coal prices in mid-rise, coupled with energy saving the environment forced shut down, corundum prices are cutting discs  rising fast, from time to time will be in short supply. How rational use abrasives, improve market competitiveness, is the most important enterprises grinding technology considerations.Best approach is to not participate in the core sheet wheel portion of the cutting action of poor quality with low prices instead of secondary abrasive, abrasive cutting quality full performance, lower manufacturing costs. This approach resin bolts and large diameter cylindrical grinding wheel resin grinding wheel has been widely used. For thin grinding wheel, since the intermediate screening, the bottom and the top to separate the feed, if the external and the core are bandsaw blades  stepwise feeding, in the process to implement quite difficult, is still only vision in the future, if successful, cost reduction, profit improvement , on sheet wheel manufacturing is undoubtedly a far-reaching "technological revolution."Compare prices now wear suitable strategy for various consumer groups, in accordance with abrasive made of different grades of abrasive products, the best abrasive used in most need sheet wheel, avoiding production of low-grade abrasive grinding wheels with high-grade, as far as possible best use, cost-effective in improving the premise, a great effort for each grade of the product have done "extreme."High-grade sheet wheel stable, targeted, reproducible tamping rammer  production has generally adopted a sand, special products and even to use zirconium corundum, calcined alumina abrasive and post-processing. The market is dominated by imported products, most cost-effective production of high sheet is not high, not discrimination, targeted not strong, still need further research and development efforts.

wheel speed hazards arising from the work

Not only cause wheel breakage near in death or serious injury, but can also cause serious damage to the plant or housing. Although the manufacturer has taken various preventive measures, but if used carelessly careful wheel still occur occasionally break or crack accidents. Applications to take the following precautions concerning:1. Handling and  diamond bandsaw blades storageIn shipping and handling process, if moisture enters phenolic resin bonded grinding wheel, it will reduce its strength; ceramic bonded grinding wheels and, then very sensitive to temperature changes repeatedly; uneven absorption of moisture causes the wheel out of balance . Therefore, in the loading and unloading wheel must be handled with care, and to be placed in a dry and sheltered place, in order to maintain the grinding wheel normal state.2 crack detectionDeal with the new wheel checked to ensure drying and grinding wheels from 9 inch saw blade  damage. The easiest way is to tap the wheel with a mallet. Intact ceramic grinding wheel will be issued by the crisp sound. Wheel with an organic adhesive bond will be issued muffled sound, but with a defective wheel crushing sound is emitted distinction. For suspected wheel, they should check that the delivery person.3 TestOfficial use of the new wheel should be performed before full trials and should be carefully observed. In the Diamond tool  wet, the wheel should be idling for some time, get rid of the water. Otherwise, the water will accumulate in the lower part of the wheel, causing the wheel imbalance, resulting in next time may burst.

the grinding quality materials requirements

Cylindrical grinding, the correct choice of the grinding wheel is to ensure workpiece quality, increase productivity, reduce costs the important part. Select wheel features (abrasive, grain size, hardness, combined etc.), you must make a good abrasive grinding performance; grinding wheel with  concrete diamond blades suitable self-sharpening; generated when grinding wheel grinding force, grinding heat is relatively small; make easy dulled abrasive grinding wheel, have a higher life expectancy; reach workpiece machining accuracy and surface quality requirements, the machined surface is not easy to produce burns and cracks, grinding wheel, the workpiece and the grinding quality materials requirements are two key factors that can not be ignored.Width of grinding wheel speed is too high workpieces, grinding is easy to  granite polishing pad produce self-excited vibration, the surface roughness increases wheel life low; workpiece speed is too low, so that the surface is easy to burn. Generally the wheel speed and workpiece speed ratio between 120-200. Smaller diameter of the workpiece should be whichever is greater.Two radial feed speed selectionRadial feed speed is mainly affected by process system rigidity, workpiece shape accuracy limitations, when the process system less rigid, high precision shape of the workpiece, the radial feed speed should choose a small value, or deformation of the workpiece, which is difficult to ensure accuracy. Generally within the scope of the 0.5-0.7mm/min selection.

grinding fluid supply requirements more effectively

By spray method for increasing the pressure (1MPa above), increasing the grinding fluid jet velocity, airflow speed rotating grinding wheel broke, the grinding fluid flow into the grinding zone  diamond blades effectively, rapidly remove heat, improve the grinding effect. Used cylindrical grinding nozzle structure, the use of nozzles spaced high-speed airflow baffle will ensure the smooth grinding fluid injected into the grinding zone, while preventing grinding fluid splash.
 When the wheel speed is high, the wheel periphery airflow also strengthened, then you can take appropriate measures, such as adjusting the grinding fluid nozzle orientation. In the air force concrete diamond blades  jet force and effect, so just grinding fluid is injected into the grinding zone; mounting angle of the nozzle spray liquid should just make some up blocking airflow, partially into the grinding zone. Furthermore, you can increase the injection pressure and grinding fluid injection amount, reducing the increase of the nozzle outlet cross-sectional area and the nozzle width.
 High-speed grinding, grinding fluid supply requirements more effectively, use reflective supercharger. When an ordinary pressure grinding fluid from the tube into, sprayed onto the wheel surface through holes, grinding fluid speed centrifugal force is reflected back diamond core drills  booster bottom. The bottom of the grooves and ribs, grooves and the grinding fluid turbulence vortex, at the top of the convex rib dynamic pressure generated from the surface toward the wheel washing action, the cooling effect is significant flushing. The gap of the grinding wheel surface ribs equals 1.5 ~ 5mm.

Diamond high hardness and excellent mechanical properties make diamond tools

 Diamond high hardness and excellent mechanical properties make diamond tools for processing a variety of hard materials become indispensable effective tool. Metal base of the diamond matrix adhesion (matrix package Xiang ability) that affect the life and performance of diamond tools is one of the main factors.
The diamond and general metals and  alloys having a high interfacial energy between, resulting in the diamond particles can not be generally low-melting alloy infiltration, poor adhesion, in the conventional manufacturing techniques, the diamond particles alone after the carcass shrink the mechanical gripping force embedded in the metal matrix of the  12 inch saw blade carcass, but not form a strong chemical bonding or metallurgical combine, resulting diamond particles in the work easily with metal base carcass separation, greatly reducing the diamond tool life and performance levels. Most of the diamond impregnated type tool utilization is low, a lot of expensive diamond in the work lost in the litter fall into. Lin Zengdong other first surface metallization using diamond diamond surface to impart a number  drill bits of new features, such as excellent thermal conductivity, good thermal stability, improving its original physical and chemical properties of the metal or alloy to improve its wettability of the solution, etc.
Diamond surface metallization problem , it caused a domestic diamond tool manufacturing industry's attention. Many people committed during the sintering process to achieve the diamond surface of metal in the matrix material or on the diamond surface to add the pre-glue strong carbide metal powder (which is not heated before the diamond, not associated with a chemical coating reaction only belong diamond coating) to expect them hole saw blades  to realize the sintering process chemical bonding of the diamond. Although the literature has demonstrated some metal such as tungsten (not oxidized) at a lower temperature (800 ℃ or so) WC can be formed on the surface layer of the diamond, but the diamond surface to achieve the pre-metallization process used to view, to be in a vacuum conditions, 600 ℃ heating above one hour to get the desired adhesion. Impregnated with the most commonly used cutting tool diamond sintering conditions of view, non-vacuum or low vacuum of not more than 900 ℃ heated for 5 minutes or so

Process for producing diamond saw blade can be described as necessary

 Diamond saw blade manufacturing process what is it? Below to learn more about it!
Process for producing diamond saw blade can be described as necessary under pressure in metal powder sintering process, a powder metallurgy process: metal powder mixed dish symmetry at high temperature (800-1000 ℃) and the inevitable pressure (180 - 250Kgf/cm2), through the diffusion between the powder particles, welding, compounds, recrystallization and  carbide saw blades the like a series of physical and chemical impregnation, has a certain shape to form a sintered body and the machine functions, namely head.small blade used Precautions When using the saw, there must skids, and in the hands or feet fixing the other end of sawing wood to produce unexpected slip roll, saw themselves need to maintain smooth, do not bend, so the saw body deformation. If you saw a oiled, it certainly erased after the first oil used. When used to pay attention to the direction of force saws, saws launch force, back when the relaxation. Aperture selection apertures are relatively  brick saw blades simple parameters are mainly required by the device options, but in order to maintain the stability of the blade, 250MM best selection of aperture blades above larger device. At present, the design of standard aperture, 120MM and below, mostly in diameter 20MM Kong ,120-230MM mostly 25.4MM Kong, more than 250 multi-aperture 30, some of the imported equipment has 15.875MM hole, multi-chip saw relatively complex mechanical aperture , mostly with keyway to ensure stability. Regardless of pore size, can be transformed through the sds drill bits  lathe or EDM, lathes car washer can be set in a large aperture, EDM can reaming necessary requirements for the device.
Alloy head type, substrate material, diameter, number of teeth, thickness, tooth, angle, aperture and a series of parameters combined into a whole hard alloy saw blade, to a reasonable choice and match in order to better play to its strengths.

Diamond grinding wheel before the operation must be sure to go through professional training

Diamond grinding wheel before the operation must be sure to go through professional training, the following are often encountered during operation problems, a quick look:
Side grinding problem:
In grinders everyday use, we often  PCD grinding wheel find that some operators, regardless of the type of grinding machine, regardless of the type of wheel, casually on the side of the grinding wheel to use, which is a serious violation of safety rules of the illegal operation behavior. Procedures used by the peripheral surface should not be used to do the side face of the grinding wheel, this wheel radial strength greater axial strength is small, the operator excessive force will cause wheel broken, even wounding, in the actual The use of the process should prohibit such behavior.
Positive operational issues:
In everyday use, many operators sds drill bits  facing the wheel always used to operate because this direction can be put into effect, in fact, this behavior is grinding machine operation should specifically prohibited behavior. Follow the rules, use the grinder grinding the workpiece, the operator should stand on the side of the diamond grinding wheel, front wheel shall not operate to prevent a wheel failure, or the wheel broken wheel flying flying out.
Force operational issues:
In the grinding machine is used, some operations, especially the younger operators, for the sake of grinding speed, excessive ceramic tile saw  force is too large, which is a very unsafe behavior. Any wheel flat body has a certain intensity, doing so may cause the wheel broken, and even flying out, but also a should be prohibited.

Grinding inner circle divided into the following four categories

Grinding inner circle divided into the following four categories: speed electric aerostatic bearing inner circle grinding, grinding inner circle of mechanical transmission, pneumatic and  diamond blades electric grinding inner  circle inner circle grinding.
Aerostatic bearing speed electric grinding inner circle: The aerostatic bearing (supply pressure is 40 ~ 65MPa), grinding system rigidity, both electric grinding characteristics, speed up 180000R/MIN, suitable for grinding a ~ 10MM hole.
Inner circle grinding mechanical transmission: mainly by the spindle, bearings, sleeve body shell, flat supporting pulleys and other components. Then, after replacement of the long axis, is used to grind different bore diameter and length, for comparison, the use of low speed, the speed is generally lower than 2000R/MIN.
Wind-driven inner circle grinding: spindle with a turbine driven by compressed air turbine rotates the spindle Edge 2000 Pads  speed, spindle speed reaches 10000R/MIN. Moreover, small vibration, pressure can be adjusted stepless. And with regulators, filters and other accessories.
Electric grinding inner circle: A three-phase asynchronous motor direct drive, and another by a high-frequency electric motor driven spindle speed of up to 50000 ~ 90000R/MIN. Output power is larger, instantaneous overload, speed characteristics hard, little vibration.

Abrasives are made from natural and synthetic abrasives abrasive composition, commonly used natural abrasives are corundum, emery. Artificial abrasives are ordinary alumina, white aluminum oxide, black silicon carbide, green silicon carbide. The size of the abrasive particles  metal grinding wheel called wheel size. Particles in the work surface of the grinding wheel and cutting due to friction, wear and tear will gradually become dull, the grinding resistance when the particles and the binding agent exceeds the adhesive force between the particles began to fall off, and replaced by a new sharp particles. So wheel with automatic sharpening performance. But the combination of agents should not be too strong adhesive force, such as the solid particles become too blunt still attached to the wheel surface, the wheel will lose the grinding action. Further, since the grinding wheel and the 4 inch circular saw blade  workpiece to be ground with great friction heat, binders easily softened. By grinding metal material end with adhesive binder filled in the gap between the sand where the grinding wheel stopper reality. If you use this plug real wheel continues to work, not only efficiency is quite low, grinding and cutting tools can also be caused by annealing becomes blue. The other hand, if the bond is not firmly bonded particles, then the particle hole saw blades  has not yet become pure grinding between them will also fall off, so that the transmission line sand abrasion fast, easy deformation, need regular trimming. There are three commonly used binders wheel: vitrified (clay binding agent), the rubber binder resin binding agent.

the two kinds of natural diamond

Natural diamond as found in nature is the hardest material. Using it as raw materials to produce diamond grinding wheel, with fast cutting, wear characteristics, the majority of users. But the natural diamond is limited, so synthetic diamond is made. So we often  core drills say that the diamond wheel is divided by the two kinds of natural diamond and synthetic diamond.Using synthetic diamond as the main diamond abrasive wheel made of diamond substantially retains the characteristics of the grinding sharp, high efficiency, to maintain a good precision, the actual production applications, but also has a large-scale use of natural diamond and a large natural resources, faced with fewer and fewer of the situation, so as to enhance the price of such products, in most respects, this diamond wheel than the synthetic diamond has certain advantages, but in some respects, but also to some  abrasive tools extent artificial diamond make up for the shortcomings of such a diamond wheel, the two complement each other.
Diamond grinding wheel sharp, high efficiency and high precision grinding, due to its unique nature has been widely used in various industries.A grinding wheel rotating at high speed process, if flying or chipping will cause casualties, mainly due to quality, but off wheel or wet tile saw  chucking irregularities.
Second, the process of the grinding wheel will produce a lot of powder layer, the operator needs to wear a mask, or prolonged inhalation of this powder layer can cause respiratory disease, lung disease

diamond tools classification and diverse models

Diamond tools classification and model diversity, then we in the use and maintenance What precautions do? Here are the next, for your reference.
One can not be a single point diamond dressing tool head vertically aligned wheel center, which normally takes tilted 10-15 °.
2, diamond tools in place to clamp head, be careful not to bump into the wheel surface.
3, heat dressing tools can not be "hardened" in the dry dressing must be kept trimmed twice the interval sufficient to heat the dressing tool cooling.
4, can not assume wheel surface with  cutting wheels an ideal flat. When trimming the beginning to find the highest point of the wheel position for trimming.
5, if possible, in addition to the amount of each wheel of the repair, the radius of the wheel can not exceed 0.001 inches. In addition to the amount of the repair is too large diamond dressing tool head can cause premature wear and often broken. diamond wheel some of the issues 1 cutting wheel installed at check carefully before you confirm whether cutting wheel deformation, cracks, chipping and so on.
2 Use the wheel cutter, you must  4 inch circular saw blade follow the wheel size specifications and performance options to use wheel cutter specifications.
3 First use the alignment angle, note the distance ≤ 0.5mm, Xu Xiangqian forward, both contacts must never force to avoid damage.
4 If you are using does not match the workpiece to be cut with a cutting wheel, prone to abnormal wear, sharp bad, abnormal fever.
5 cutting process if abnormal, should  hole saw blades be shut down immediately.
6 When the cutting is not sharp, to be trimmed on the blade wheel. If you continue to use overheat, overload leaving the wheel breakage.
7 wheel rotation, is strictly prohibited hand-operated cutting, not by hand, and physical contact wheel.
8 cutting wheel is strictly prohibited except for grooving or cutting operations, to avoid uneven force abnormal
9 natural diamond extremely hard, wear-resistant non-edge, not collision, so as to avoid undue loss.

Some of the advantages of diamond tools

Diamond tools are widely used in the manufacturing industry, then how about diamond tools trends? Following is a brief introduction, I hope for your help:
A, variety, product  concrete ring saw series: Domestic Diamond Products showing species diversity, product refinement, the application of the trend of specialization. General scale enterprises have dozens of product specifications, a slight scale enterprises have hundreds of product specifications, larger enterprises with thousands of product specifications and the products can be customized according to user requirements.
2, the product according to user requirements are divided into two classes: the use of diamond tools, habits and cost factors, have been artificially divided into two distinct series: First, a larger amount of relatively low price DIY products, such products have a concrete vibrator  greater market; two major international markets for high-end professional products. As in recent years, China's rapid diamond production and quality improvement to be diamond products production technology continues to improve, China's high-end products, diamond tools manufacturing level has made significant progress, and the price advantage is obvious, professional products in the international market competitiveness has enhanced.
3 In recent years, various formulations of pre-alloy powder, adding rare earth metal carcass powder material applications and single (multi) brazing technology, diamond in the carcass ordered, innovation and other new matrix structure

Bronze bond diamond wheel

Bronze diamond wheels with high-temperature sintering manufacturing, the combination of high strength , good formability , high temperature , thermal conductivity and good wear dry cut blades  resistance , extremely long life , can withstand greater loads.
Widely used in glass, ceramics , ferrite , semiconductor materials, stone and other hard and brittle material and a metal material of the grinding process .
The characteristic features of the grinding wheel abrasive particle size , binder, hardness, structure , and other factors determined shape and size . In superhard grinding wheel hardness and organizations are generally neglects to mention .
Abrasive grinding wheel is the main raw material manufacturing , cutting directly responsible work . . Diamond : common materials suitable for processing high wheel hard to process hard brittle concrete diamond blades  metal and nonmetal materials . Such as cemented carbide , optical glass , ceramics , stone , and other semiconductor materials .
Particle size refers to the size of the abrasive particles , the size of a particle numerals. GB provides two kinds of abrasive powder particle size and number. Generally speaking, use coarse abrasive coarse ( size number smaller ) , abrasive grinding to a smaller ( larger particle number ) ; powder used for grinding and other precision machining and ultra- precision machining. Ceramic diamond wheel size range generally w1.5 ~ 80/100
The role of binding agent binding agent is bonded abrasive having a given strength and shape of the wheel. Wheel strength, impact resistance , heat resistance and corrosion resistance , depending on the binding agent performance . The binding agents are used  tct circular saw blade vitrified (V), the resin binding agent (B), the rubber binding agent (R) and the metal binding agent (M) and so on . Vitrified bond : the most widely applicable to cylindrical, round, flat , centerless grinding and profile grinding wheel , etc. ; resin bond : for cutting and slotted sheet wheel and high-speed grinding wheel ; rubber combined agent: guide wheel for centerless grinding , polishing wheel ; metal bond : for diamond grinding wheel .