(A) the processing of non-ferrous materials difficult to machine
Processing of copper, zinc, aluminum and other nonferrous metals and
alloys, the material easy to adhere to the tool, processing
difficulties. Using diamond low coefficient of friction, and non-ferrous
metal affinity characteristics of concrete ring saw small, diamond tool and the tool can
effectively prevent the occurrence of metal bonding. Further, the
elastic modulus of the diamond cutting edge portion is deformed when
small, the cutting non-ferrous metal extrusion deformation is small, the
cutting process can complete the small deformation, which can improve
the surface quality.
(2) the processing of non-metallic materials difficult to machine
Processing particle contains a lot of high hardness non-metallic
materials difficult to machine, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic,
filled silicone material, hard carbon fiber / epoxy composites, the
material of the hard particles so that diamond bandsaw blades the tool wear serious, hard
carbide cutting tools processing, and diamond tools, high hardness, wear
resistance, and therefore processing efficiency.
(3) ultra-precision machining
With the advent of modern integrated technology, precision machining
direction to the development of the tool performance made some very high
demand. Because diamond friction coefficient, low coefficient of thermal
expansion, high thermal conductivity, can diamond tool manufacturer cut very thin chips, chip
easily outflow affinity with other substances is small, easy to BUE,
heat a small, high thermal conductivity, heat can be avoided of a blade
and the workpiece, so the passivation edge, cutting deformation, the
surface of higher quality can be obtained.
grinding cup wheels
2013年10月21日星期一
2013年9月26日星期四
artificial diamonds are widely used in industrial drill bits
Artificial diamonds very versatile tool Jufan drill, mining or medical use are all with diamond excellent thermal conductivity (five times that of copper) has become the electronic components on the Acrylic
impact modifier excellent heat sink. Today, artificial diamonds is a big industry, about 20 countries put into production, annual production of about 300 tons, more than 20 tonnes of the total production of natural diamonds are fifteen times as much, and is growing year by year. However, these diamonds are tiny powder, granules or film, few large particles gem crystal, crystal large and complete manufacturing facilities require a larger cavity, the PVC
stabilizer for panel high cost of many. More concerned about the jewelery industry gem near colorless and colored artificial diamond development, as well as whether to distinguish natural diamonds in causing distress.
Besides, as the carbonaceous material in the purification of carbon, may, after removal of other elements, and pressure at the appropriate level, into the diamond. Means one excellent source of methane, carbon, and fermented cow dung into biogas rich in methane, and vegetable stearic acid therefore, "dung becomes diamond" one said. In recent years, the system is also rife with cremains diamond, is the same reason. It is reported that some people abroad to take the legacy of Beethoven's music maestro hair do "fat diamond", reported in a bit of 10, the amount of carbon in the system out of the electronic media should be enough to shine out of the sinking pleats pleated shiny "carat" Blue Diamond, can only speculate about the drill in the part of the carbon!
Besides, as the carbonaceous material in the purification of carbon, may, after removal of other elements, and pressure at the appropriate level, into the diamond. Means one excellent source of methane, carbon, and fermented cow dung into biogas rich in methane, and vegetable stearic acid therefore, "dung becomes diamond" one said. In recent years, the system is also rife with cremains diamond, is the same reason. It is reported that some people abroad to take the legacy of Beethoven's music maestro hair do "fat diamond", reported in a bit of 10, the amount of carbon in the system out of the electronic media should be enough to shine out of the sinking pleats pleated shiny "carat" Blue Diamond, can only speculate about the drill in the part of the carbon!
2013年9月25日星期三
the structure of carbide saw blades as well as the introduction
About the structure of carbide saw blades
Including tooth carbide saw blades, angle, number of teeth, blade thickness, blade diameter, carbide, etc. Most types of parameters that determine the processing capacity of the saw blade and cutting performance. Select the blade when the blade to the correct selection granite polishing pad of parameters as needed.
Commonly used with flat tooth tooth tooth tooth Dou, trapezoidal tooth, inverted trapezoidal tooth and so on. Flat teeth the most widely used, mainly for ordinary wood sawing, this tooth is relatively simple, Jukou rough, when operating in the slotted flat teeth can process flat bottom. Dou teeth sawing kerf quality is better for cutting a variety of wood-based panels, plywood. Trapezoidal tooth suitable sawing plywood, fire board, obtain higher cutting quality. Inverted trapezoidal tooth commonly used in the bottom slot blades.
Sawtooth angle is in the cutting position when the sawtooth. Serrated cutting angle affect performance results. Greatest impact is on the cutting rake angle γ, posterior horn α, wedge angle β. Rake angle γ is serrated cutting edge angle, the greater the cutting rake angle the more light, the rake angle is generally between 10-15 °. After the angle of the teeth and the angle between the machined surface, and its role is to prevent aliasing of the machined surface friction, the friction after the smaller the greater the angle, the more smooth processing of products. Carbide saw blade rear corner general value 15 °. Wedge angle is the angle from the front and rear angles derived. However, the wedge angle is not too small, it plays the strength to keep the teeth according to, heat resistance, durability of the effect. Rake angle γ, posterior horn α, wedge angle β is equal to the higher of 90 °.
Serrated teeth teeth more generally, in a unit time, the more the cutting edge, cutting as possible, but the number fibre discs of cutting teeth carbide required more and more, the high price of the blade, but the serrated too close, teeth of the chip becomes small, easy to cause the blade fever; another jagged too, when the feed rate mis-match, then cut each tooth small amounts, will exacerbate friction with the workpiece edge, affecting the life of the blade. Typically tooth spacing 15-25mm, material selection should be based on a reasonable cutting teeth.
The thickness of the blade from the saw blade in theory, we hope that the thinner the better, is actually a kerf consumption. Carbide blade saw blade board material and manufacturing process of the hss drill bits decision of the saw blade thickness. Select from the blade when the blade thickness of job stability and sawing material to consider.
Saw blade diameter with the use of cutting equipment and cutting the workpiece thickness. Saw blade diameter is small, the cutting speed is relatively low; Saw blade diameter and sawing equipment requirements for the necessary high, while the cutting efficiency is high.
Tooth, angle, number of teeth, thickness, diameter, species and a series of parameter combinations carbide hard alloy saw blade into the whole, to be a reasonable choice and match in order to better play to its strengths.
Including tooth carbide saw blades, angle, number of teeth, blade thickness, blade diameter, carbide, etc. Most types of parameters that determine the processing capacity of the saw blade and cutting performance. Select the blade when the blade to the correct selection granite polishing pad of parameters as needed.
Commonly used with flat tooth tooth tooth tooth Dou, trapezoidal tooth, inverted trapezoidal tooth and so on. Flat teeth the most widely used, mainly for ordinary wood sawing, this tooth is relatively simple, Jukou rough, when operating in the slotted flat teeth can process flat bottom. Dou teeth sawing kerf quality is better for cutting a variety of wood-based panels, plywood. Trapezoidal tooth suitable sawing plywood, fire board, obtain higher cutting quality. Inverted trapezoidal tooth commonly used in the bottom slot blades.
Sawtooth angle is in the cutting position when the sawtooth. Serrated cutting angle affect performance results. Greatest impact is on the cutting rake angle γ, posterior horn α, wedge angle β. Rake angle γ is serrated cutting edge angle, the greater the cutting rake angle the more light, the rake angle is generally between 10-15 °. After the angle of the teeth and the angle between the machined surface, and its role is to prevent aliasing of the machined surface friction, the friction after the smaller the greater the angle, the more smooth processing of products. Carbide saw blade rear corner general value 15 °. Wedge angle is the angle from the front and rear angles derived. However, the wedge angle is not too small, it plays the strength to keep the teeth according to, heat resistance, durability of the effect. Rake angle γ, posterior horn α, wedge angle β is equal to the higher of 90 °.
Serrated teeth teeth more generally, in a unit time, the more the cutting edge, cutting as possible, but the number fibre discs of cutting teeth carbide required more and more, the high price of the blade, but the serrated too close, teeth of the chip becomes small, easy to cause the blade fever; another jagged too, when the feed rate mis-match, then cut each tooth small amounts, will exacerbate friction with the workpiece edge, affecting the life of the blade. Typically tooth spacing 15-25mm, material selection should be based on a reasonable cutting teeth.
The thickness of the blade from the saw blade in theory, we hope that the thinner the better, is actually a kerf consumption. Carbide blade saw blade board material and manufacturing process of the hss drill bits decision of the saw blade thickness. Select from the blade when the blade thickness of job stability and sawing material to consider.
Saw blade diameter with the use of cutting equipment and cutting the workpiece thickness. Saw blade diameter is small, the cutting speed is relatively low; Saw blade diameter and sawing equipment requirements for the necessary high, while the cutting efficiency is high.
Tooth, angle, number of teeth, thickness, diameter, species and a series of parameter combinations carbide hard alloy saw blade into the whole, to be a reasonable choice and match in order to better play to its strengths.
2013年9月21日星期六
Abrasive material in stainless steel processing definition of what
The abrasive material production technology experts have confirmed : with grinding tools and abrasives, removed from the iamond tool manufacturer workpiece surface layer is very thin abrasive finishing method is to define a professional ; secondly , subdivision opened , the abrasive materials, the main definition also abrasive materials to look at the specific tools and stainless steel products for use
First, the abrasive material of the stainless steel products in the role? First look abrasive material is characterized by : the main products to help steel into a product with the brightness of the craft . Obtain high accuracy and a low value of Ra . But generally can not improve the hole saw blades processing between the surface and other surfaces position accuracy . another somewhat more importantly, the nature of products suitable for stainless steel , stainless steel refers to the resistance of air, steam , water and other corrosive medium and weak acid, alkali, salt and other chemical etching medium corrosion of steel , also known as acid-resistant stainless steel . two , abrasive materials What tools ?
Grind the workpiece abrading tool is a tool , but it is also the carrier of abrasive , hardness should be less than the hardness of the workpiece , there are some wear , often made of gray cast iron . Wet grind lap microstructure of iron ferrite -based ; dry research study with uniform and fine pearlite places as the substrate . grinding M5 thread and less complex shape of small parts , the commonly used mild steel lap .
Grinding eyelet and soft metal materials , mostly made of brass , copper lap . Lap should have sufficient rigidity , and wet polishing pad its working surfaces have a high geometric precision . Lap during the grinding process is also subject to cutting and wear, such as operating properly, its accuracy can be improved , so that the workpiece machining accuracy can be higher than the lap of the original precision .4 F3 Huizhou HTC grinding plant material
First, the abrasive material of the stainless steel products in the role? First look abrasive material is characterized by : the main products to help steel into a product with the brightness of the craft . Obtain high accuracy and a low value of Ra . But generally can not improve the hole saw blades processing between the surface and other surfaces position accuracy . another somewhat more importantly, the nature of products suitable for stainless steel , stainless steel refers to the resistance of air, steam , water and other corrosive medium and weak acid, alkali, salt and other chemical etching medium corrosion of steel , also known as acid-resistant stainless steel . two , abrasive materials What tools ?
Grind the workpiece abrading tool is a tool , but it is also the carrier of abrasive , hardness should be less than the hardness of the workpiece , there are some wear , often made of gray cast iron . Wet grind lap microstructure of iron ferrite -based ; dry research study with uniform and fine pearlite places as the substrate . grinding M5 thread and less complex shape of small parts , the commonly used mild steel lap .
Grinding eyelet and soft metal materials , mostly made of brass , copper lap . Lap should have sufficient rigidity , and wet polishing pad its working surfaces have a high geometric precision . Lap during the grinding process is also subject to cutting and wear, such as operating properly, its accuracy can be improved , so that the workpiece machining accuracy can be higher than the lap of the original precision .4 F3 Huizhou HTC grinding plant material
2013年9月17日星期二
abrasive grinding wheel under loads shedding difficulty level.
The cutting tool is a grinding wheel, which consists of many small and hard abrasive particles and adhesive bonding agent made of the porous body. Directly responsible abrasive cutting work concrete blades must be sharp and has high hardness, heat resistance and a toughness. Commonly used abrasive alumina (also known as corundum) and silicon carbide two kinds. Alumina-based abrasive, high hardness, good toughness, suitable for grinding steel material. Silicon carbide abrasive hardness is higher and more sharp, good thermal conductivity, but more brittle, suitable for grinding cast iron and carbide.
The same abrasive wheel, due to their different thickness, the surface roughness after the workpiece and the machining efficiency is not the same, for the coarse grains coarse, abrasive for grinding small, the more coarse abrasives, the smaller the grain size number.
From the bonded abrasive binders role. Commonly used ceramic binder, followed by resin binding agent. Binding agents are selected core drill bits from different materials, the impact grinding corrosion resistance, strength, heat resistance and toughness.
Abrasive grains bonded more firmly, the more difficult from the wheel fell off, they said grinding wheel hardness, the hardness of the grinding wheel surface is abrasive grinding wheel under loads shedding difficulty level. Off easily called soft, otherwise known as hard. The diamond blade hardness and abrasive grinding wheel hardness are two different concepts. Surface of the workpiece to be ground is relatively soft, abrasive edge (corners) for easy to wear, this time can be abrasive to use longer, more solid bond that is optional wheel (high hardness wheel). Conversely, low hardness grinding wheel for high hardness of the workpiece.
Wheel in high-speed conditions of work, in order to ensure safety, should be checked before installation, there should be no cracks and other defects; wheel in order to work smoothly, balancing test should be carried out before use.
Grinding work after a certain time, the surface of the gap may be clogged debris, blunt abrasive acute angle, the original geometry will be distorted. Therefore, the ability to be cut and trimmed in order to restore the correct geometry. Wheel dresser diamond pen required.
The same abrasive wheel, due to their different thickness, the surface roughness after the workpiece and the machining efficiency is not the same, for the coarse grains coarse, abrasive for grinding small, the more coarse abrasives, the smaller the grain size number.
From the bonded abrasive binders role. Commonly used ceramic binder, followed by resin binding agent. Binding agents are selected core drill bits from different materials, the impact grinding corrosion resistance, strength, heat resistance and toughness.
Abrasive grains bonded more firmly, the more difficult from the wheel fell off, they said grinding wheel hardness, the hardness of the grinding wheel surface is abrasive grinding wheel under loads shedding difficulty level. Off easily called soft, otherwise known as hard. The diamond blade hardness and abrasive grinding wheel hardness are two different concepts. Surface of the workpiece to be ground is relatively soft, abrasive edge (corners) for easy to wear, this time can be abrasive to use longer, more solid bond that is optional wheel (high hardness wheel). Conversely, low hardness grinding wheel for high hardness of the workpiece.
Wheel in high-speed conditions of work, in order to ensure safety, should be checked before installation, there should be no cracks and other defects; wheel in order to work smoothly, balancing test should be carried out before use.
Grinding work after a certain time, the surface of the gap may be clogged debris, blunt abrasive acute angle, the original geometry will be distorted. Therefore, the ability to be cut and trimmed in order to restore the correct geometry. Wheel dresser diamond pen required.
2013年9月13日星期五
diamond in stone processing to the application
To further improve productivity, various studies have focused on improving the economics of stone processing technology, in addition to improving output and reducing material waste costs, diamond wood drill bits manufacturers, machine manufacturers and machine tool manufacturers to increase production capacity and tools match for a lot of research. Where a study to find out the current production capacity of marble processing machine level achieved. Europe is currently the most efficient use of the production of granite sawing marble processing efficiency levels achieved only equivalent to the level of about 4. Generally speaking, when after more than 25mm depth of cut for the processing of granite is unlikely, because this would lead to a lot of heat and diamond tools overload.
Manufacturer of diamond, diamond tool manufacturers, machine manufacturers, blade manufacturers and a matrix consisting of the European Institute of partner international organizations, began to study to bring a new world of stone processing program. Focus on seeking solutions to the problem, as well as technical, economic and environmental evaluation, as well as approaching the problem. Goal of this program is to develop each subsystem processing systems, so as to meet the needs of deep under the conditions that the depth of cut range from 100 ~ 300mm. It includes a highly efficient diamond saw blades, as well as tool and workpiece interface provides improved lubrication system to ensure long stable work. Because this is a highly automated process is a basic requirement. Research work of two phases:
1, laboratory tests, in order to get some basic information (material properties, cutting force, temperature and vibration), as a concrete ring saw machine and tool design should achieve basic data must be improved.
2, in the first stage on the basis of data tools and machine parts (blade caking, lubrication and trimming system) development. In the first phase, the project is one of the key design simulation using a small blade in order to investigate the processing power of the tool and the workpiece at the interface (grinding zone) temperature, and vibration characteristics. When using a small blade, the system characteristics and actual conditions of use in industrial applications characteristics must match, and this is crucial. To meet this requirement, many authors have proposed a variety of cutting model, the system has two main variables been recognized, namely cutting speed (Vc) and depth of cut (ae). Using these parameters and geometry information about tools, we can propose a saw blade when cutting a simplified model formula.
Using this formula for industrial applications can be reproduced under normal conditions similar to the conditions and forces.
Deep cutting conditions and the cutting force of the cutting temperature measurements.
Laboratory tests implemented with a small cutting depth so as to measure the heat generated in the cutting zone, and cutting forces. This information is for the determination of large-scale production saw lubrication equipment and diamond tools for forecasting may be exposed in the process of cutting force is necessary. Use of high-strength diamond particle size of 30/40, the number of particles per carat is 660 ± 30 tablets. First, the medium hardness Italian sawing granite, followed cutting the tile cutting blades harder the Indian Red granite processing, which is one of the most difficult materials cut. In cutting tests, cutting depth remains 90mm, adjust the feeding speed to make it in the mildest cutting conditions 100cm2/min and among the harshest conditions 600cm2/min changed. This condition can be set to meet the industrial production of 380cm2/min to 1000cm2/min production efficiency. Temperature measurement results obtained. As expected, with the cutting efficiency of the cutting temperature is rising generation, but even at the highest speeds, the resulting cutting temperature remains below 200 ℃. Machining dynamometer using the normal force and tangential force to the saw tool design and maximum size to help development of specifications. Diamond cutting force analysis and examination of the wear process is to determine the scope of the process within that period should be working on. This is to maintain uniform diamond wear and adjustment of the cutting diamond material required to complete exposure of the height of the key.
Manufacturer of diamond, diamond tool manufacturers, machine manufacturers, blade manufacturers and a matrix consisting of the European Institute of partner international organizations, began to study to bring a new world of stone processing program. Focus on seeking solutions to the problem, as well as technical, economic and environmental evaluation, as well as approaching the problem. Goal of this program is to develop each subsystem processing systems, so as to meet the needs of deep under the conditions that the depth of cut range from 100 ~ 300mm. It includes a highly efficient diamond saw blades, as well as tool and workpiece interface provides improved lubrication system to ensure long stable work. Because this is a highly automated process is a basic requirement. Research work of two phases:
1, laboratory tests, in order to get some basic information (material properties, cutting force, temperature and vibration), as a concrete ring saw machine and tool design should achieve basic data must be improved.
2, in the first stage on the basis of data tools and machine parts (blade caking, lubrication and trimming system) development. In the first phase, the project is one of the key design simulation using a small blade in order to investigate the processing power of the tool and the workpiece at the interface (grinding zone) temperature, and vibration characteristics. When using a small blade, the system characteristics and actual conditions of use in industrial applications characteristics must match, and this is crucial. To meet this requirement, many authors have proposed a variety of cutting model, the system has two main variables been recognized, namely cutting speed (Vc) and depth of cut (ae). Using these parameters and geometry information about tools, we can propose a saw blade when cutting a simplified model formula.
Using this formula for industrial applications can be reproduced under normal conditions similar to the conditions and forces.
Deep cutting conditions and the cutting force of the cutting temperature measurements.
Laboratory tests implemented with a small cutting depth so as to measure the heat generated in the cutting zone, and cutting forces. This information is for the determination of large-scale production saw lubrication equipment and diamond tools for forecasting may be exposed in the process of cutting force is necessary. Use of high-strength diamond particle size of 30/40, the number of particles per carat is 660 ± 30 tablets. First, the medium hardness Italian sawing granite, followed cutting the tile cutting blades harder the Indian Red granite processing, which is one of the most difficult materials cut. In cutting tests, cutting depth remains 90mm, adjust the feeding speed to make it in the mildest cutting conditions 100cm2/min and among the harshest conditions 600cm2/min changed. This condition can be set to meet the industrial production of 380cm2/min to 1000cm2/min production efficiency. Temperature measurement results obtained. As expected, with the cutting efficiency of the cutting temperature is rising generation, but even at the highest speeds, the resulting cutting temperature remains below 200 ℃. Machining dynamometer using the normal force and tangential force to the saw tool design and maximum size to help development of specifications. Diamond cutting force analysis and examination of the wear process is to determine the scope of the process within that period should be working on. This is to maintain uniform diamond wear and adjustment of the cutting diamond material required to complete exposure of the height of the key.
2013年9月11日星期三
Diamond Saw Blade cutting the amount of
In the stone processing, stone processing cutting costs account for about 50% of the total cost. At present, China's stone business is quite common to use diamond circular saws for the cutting device. According to statistics, the average per sawing 1m. Granite diamond segment consumes about 3-3.8 million, the power consumption of about 10 ~ 12kW.h, to China's annual use of diamond circular saw stone cutting 150 million m2 per diamond grinding wheel annum gross consumption of diamond saw blades more than 500 million yuan, the total energy consumption by about 2 billion kw.h, thus optimizing the amount of diamond saw blades for cutting, reducing energy consumption, saw cutting consumption and improve the efficiency of far-reaching economic and social significance.
Diamond circular saw cutting costs affecting factors include stone composition, structure, physical and mechanical properties, equipment, technical performance, the blade cutting the amount of process performance and selection and other factors. Several factors in this regulation is only cutting the amount of artificial optional. Therefore, improving the stone sawing process is to reduce energy consumption, consumption and improve cutting efficiency saws to reduce the effective cost cutting measures.Grinding damage: the force effects and temperature than the response, after a period of use of the blade tend to produce wear damage. Grinding damage in dry cut blades the form of mainly the following: abrasive wear, local crushing, a large area of broken off, binders direction along the cutting speed of the mechanical abrasions. Abrasive: Diamond particles and constant friction formula pieces, into a flat edge passivation, loss cutting, increasing friction. Heat causes the cutting surface of the diamond particles graphite sheet, the hardness greatly reduced, increased wear: the surface of the diamond particles exposed to alternating thermal stresses, and also the cutting under alternating stress, fatigue cracks will be partially broken, revealing a sharp new edge, is an ideal wear pattern; large area broken: diamond particles in the Leads to withstand shock loads, the concrete cutting blade more prominent grain and grain prematurely consumed; shedding: the diamond cutting force alternating binding agent particles are constantly being generated shaking loose. Meanwhile, the cutting process of the binding agent itself wear and cutting heat to soften the binding agent. This makes the gripping force decreased binding agent, when the particle is greater than the cutting force on the gripping force, the diamond particles will fall off. No matter what kind of wear and tear with the diamond particles to withstand load and temperature are closely related. Both of which are determined by Cheng cutting process and cooling lubrication conditions.
Diamond circular saw cutting costs affecting factors include stone composition, structure, physical and mechanical properties, equipment, technical performance, the blade cutting the amount of process performance and selection and other factors. Several factors in this regulation is only cutting the amount of artificial optional. Therefore, improving the stone sawing process is to reduce energy consumption, consumption and improve cutting efficiency saws to reduce the effective cost cutting measures.Grinding damage: the force effects and temperature than the response, after a period of use of the blade tend to produce wear damage. Grinding damage in dry cut blades the form of mainly the following: abrasive wear, local crushing, a large area of broken off, binders direction along the cutting speed of the mechanical abrasions. Abrasive: Diamond particles and constant friction formula pieces, into a flat edge passivation, loss cutting, increasing friction. Heat causes the cutting surface of the diamond particles graphite sheet, the hardness greatly reduced, increased wear: the surface of the diamond particles exposed to alternating thermal stresses, and also the cutting under alternating stress, fatigue cracks will be partially broken, revealing a sharp new edge, is an ideal wear pattern; large area broken: diamond particles in the Leads to withstand shock loads, the concrete cutting blade more prominent grain and grain prematurely consumed; shedding: the diamond cutting force alternating binding agent particles are constantly being generated shaking loose. Meanwhile, the cutting process of the binding agent itself wear and cutting heat to soften the binding agent. This makes the gripping force decreased binding agent, when the particle is greater than the cutting force on the gripping force, the diamond particles will fall off. No matter what kind of wear and tear with the diamond particles to withstand load and temperature are closely related. Both of which are determined by Cheng cutting process and cooling lubrication conditions.
2013年9月3日星期二
diamond saw blades for cutting metal can cause
1, diamond saw blade is characterized by soft afraid of hard afraid
2, the metal part of the tile cutting blades plastic material, is for marble, glass, the metal to be "soft" is much more
3, marble, glass is brittle material, harder than the metal
4, diamond is a valuable material, although the diamond saw blade diamond is a man, but it is expensive, it is made by a method using powder metallurgy, that is, the diamond particles in the metal powder mixed sintering rather backward over the blade, the blade is to wrap diamond grinding wheel for metal rubbed off, exposing the diamond particles less than half the sanding discs pieces, this is the diamond particles exposed head was cut marble "blade"
5, diamond saw blade "cut" marble, it is actually a diamond will powdered marble, marble which will "cut" open to the
6, if using a diamond saw blade to "cut" metal, "soft" diamond particles of the metal will be "glued down" so that the diamond blade failure. Remember: Do not use diamond saw to cut metal!
7, with ordinary thin grinding wheel cutting metal is possible, although this wheel is a metal ground into powder, but colde saw blade not as good as diamond grit is precious, and that sand is bonded with a special adhesive overall shape, that is, said that the whole can be "cut" of the sand grains, cylindrical sanding off the back of the sand can continue to "cut"
2, the metal part of the tile cutting blades plastic material, is for marble, glass, the metal to be "soft" is much more
3, marble, glass is brittle material, harder than the metal
4, diamond is a valuable material, although the diamond saw blade diamond is a man, but it is expensive, it is made by a method using powder metallurgy, that is, the diamond particles in the metal powder mixed sintering rather backward over the blade, the blade is to wrap diamond grinding wheel for metal rubbed off, exposing the diamond particles less than half the sanding discs pieces, this is the diamond particles exposed head was cut marble "blade"
5, diamond saw blade "cut" marble, it is actually a diamond will powdered marble, marble which will "cut" open to the
6, if using a diamond saw blade to "cut" metal, "soft" diamond particles of the metal will be "glued down" so that the diamond blade failure. Remember: Do not use diamond saw to cut metal!
7, with ordinary thin grinding wheel cutting metal is possible, although this wheel is a metal ground into powder, but colde saw blade not as good as diamond grit is precious, and that sand is bonded with a special adhesive overall shape, that is, said that the whole can be "cut" of the sand grains, cylindrical sanding off the back of the sand can continue to "cut"
2013年8月14日星期三
Drills introduce common
Configuration which substantially radial cutting edge portion having at least two main cutting edge portion, and arranged in the circumferential direction of said main cutting edge portion and between the main cutting edge portion, at least two sub cutting blade portion said main cutting edge portion includes a main cutting edge as the cutting blade, the cutting blade inner end of the main center of rotation, the outer end of the cutting edge portion in the outer periphery of the rotation locus.
A cutting edge portion of the Diamond tools sub cutting blade as the sub cutting blade, the sub cutting blade inner end is located off the center of rotation to the outer side of the site, the outer end is located in the rotating cutting blade portion deviated from the center of rotation locus of the outer edge position.
A drill, with a drill tip disposed on the plurality of cutting blade portion, and provided on the base end side of the cutting blade portion and the base end portion of the shank portion is formed with a shaft-shaped drill main body;
Said cutting blade portion has a flank of the cutting surface and the engagement surface protruding toward the front end edge of the cutting edge formed by said center of rotation of the cutting blade from the drill side arranged substantially radially outer side;
The rotary axis of the direction of movement and the operation of the impact operation of cutting the composite, characterized in that said cutting blade portion has at least two main cutting edge portion, and disposed in the circumferential direction of the main cutting edge portion and the main cutting between the blade, at least two sub cutting blade portion;
The main cutting edge portion having a cutting edge as a main cutting edge, an inner end of said main cutting edge is located in the center of rotation, the outer end of the cutting edge portion in the outer periphery of the rotation locus, the sub cutting blade portion having as its the sub cutting blade cutting edge, the secondary cutting blade inner end is located radially outwardly from the rotation center deviate from the site, the outer end portion in the rotation from the cutting edge to the center of rotation locus of the outer side of the deviated position.
PDC bits
PDC bits [1] for short. Is commonly used in the oil drilling industry as a drilling tool.
PDC continuous improvement of product performance
In the past few years, PDC cutter quality and type have undergone tremendous changes. If the teeth of the 1980s to today's teeth for comparison, the difference is quite large. Because hybrid technology and manufacturing process changes, today's cutting teeth is much better quality and performance, so that the anti-erosion and impact drill capabilities are greatly improved.
Engineers also tungsten carbide substrate and the interface between the diamond has been optimized to improve the toughness of the cutting teeth. Process innovations in the diamond layer is also used to improve the abrasion resistance and thermal stability.
In addition to material and drum wheels manufacturing process developments outside, PDC products in the tooth tooth design techniques and fabric also achieved a major breakthrough. Now, PDC products have been used previously can not be applied in areas such as stiffer, stronger and changing abrasive formations. This extension to new areas, the diamond (fixed cutter) cone drill bit and the balance between a great impact.
Initially, PDC drill bit can only be used for soft shale formations, the reason is hard mezzanine will damage the drill bit. However, due to the emergence of new technologies and changes in the structure, the current PDC drill bit for drilling hard interlayer has been able to and a long section of the hard rock formations. PDC bits are increasingly being used by people, especially with the continuous improvement of quality PDC teeth, in which case more and more prominent.
Since teeth bit design and improvement, PDC drill bit orientability also will increase, which further weakened the past in motor drilling cone bit advantage. Currently, PDC drill every day in many applications where the drilling supplant cone drill bit market.
Commonly used mechanical drills, twist drills with straight shank (ordinary type), you can drill: 45 # steel, stainless steel, diamond hardness using the weak point of the material. Alloy drill, you can drill Cr12 steel, the use of diamond hardness strong material. Use drill expertise can allow himself to lower profits.
PCB Drill Type
PCB drill drill drill control Type: PCB drilling with a drill with straight shank twist drill, fixed and fixed shank twist drill shank Spade (undercut) drill bit. Straight shank twist drill mostly for single head machines, PCB drilling relatively simple or single panel, now in a large circuit board manufacturing plant has been rarely seen in its drilling depth of up to 10 times the diameter of the drill. Laminated on the substrate is not high, the use of drill bit holder to avoid bias.
At present, most manufacturers use CNC drilling machine, CNC drilling using a carbide shank drill set, which is characterized to achieve automatic replacement drill. High positioning accuracy without the use of drill sets. Large helix angle, chip speed, suitable for high-speed cutting. In the range of the flute length, diameter of the drill is an inverted cone, when drilling with the hole wall friction is small, high quality drilling. Common drill shank diameter of 3.00mm and 3.175mm.
Drill material
PCB drilling with carbide drill bit is generally used as the epoxy glass cloth complex copper plate on the tool wear particularly fast. The so-called carbide drill gold is tungsten carbide powder as matrix, cobalt powder as a binder by pressurized sintering. Generally contain 94% tungsten carbide, 6% cobalt. Because of its high hardness, very wearable, a certain strength, suitable for high-speed cutting. But the toughness is poor, very brittle, in order to improve the performance of cemented carbide, and some use carbide substrate in a chemical vapor deposition on a 5-7 micron layer of special hard titanium carbide (TIC) or titanium nitride (TIN), to has a higher hardness. Some use ion implantation technology, titanium, nitrogen, and carbon injection the matrix certain depth, not only improves the hardness and strength and regrinding the drill can move into when they injected ingredients. There is a physical method to generate the bit at the top of a layer of diamond film, which greatly improves the hardness and wear resistance of the drill. Carbide hardness and strength, not only the ratio of cobalt and tungsten carbide, but also with the powder particles about. Carbide drill ultra fine particles, and its average grain size of tungsten carbide with 1 micron or less. This bit is not only high hardness and compressive strength and flexural strength are diamond bandsaw blades improved. To save costs Many drill shank welded structure, the original as a whole are carbide drill, drill shank back now made of stainless, but significantly reduced the cost of the material due to different concentricity less than its dynamic rigid whole alloy drill, particularly in the small diameter side.
The use of drill
1, the drill should be packed in special packing boxes, to avoid vibrations collide.
2, when used, from packing boxes should immediately remove the drill bit attached to the spindle collet header or automatic replacement drill tool library. Spent immediately put back packing boxes.
3, use the drill diameter measurement tool microscope and other non-contact measurement equipment, to avoid the cutting edge in contact with the mechanical gauge was bruised.
4, some CNC drilling machine CNC drilling using some positioning ring retaining ring is not used, such as the use of its positioning ring installation depth positioning must be accurate, as it does not use retaining ring fitted to the drill spindle elongation to adjust consistent, multi-spindle drilling machine to pay attention to this point, to make each spindle drilling depth to be consistent. If not possible to make drill drill drill through the surface or not caused by circuit board scrap.
5, using 40 times the usual three-dimensional microscopy drill blade wear.
6, the spindle and to always check the concentricity of the collet and the collet chuck clamping force, will result in poor concentricity of small diameter drill bit off and pore size, etc., the clamping force will cause the actual speed is not good Set speed does not match between the chuck and the drill bit slipping.
7, fixed shank drill head clamping collet drill shank length of 4 to 5 times the diameter to clamp securely.
8, should always check the spindle presser foot. Presser foot contact surface perpendicular to the spindle is horizontal and not shaking, to prevent drilling off the drill and produce partial holes.
9, drilling better than vacuuming, vacuum air temperature can be reduced drill, colleagues away dust reduce friction generates heat.
10, the substrate stack comprises upper and lower plate to drill a hole workbench trough positioning system to locate a prison, lie flat. Use adhesive tape to prevent the drill bit to be on the tape so that a drill swarf adhesion, causing difficulties and chip off the diamond.
11, ordering manufacturers drill, the factory inspection when sampling the compliance of its 4%. And 100% of 10 to 15 times with a microscopic examination of the gaps, scratches and cracks.
12, drill timely re-grinding, increase the use and re-drill grinding times, extending bit life, reduce production costs and expenses. Microscope usually measured length of the two main cutting edges, the wear depth should be less than 0.2mm. Regrinding when rubbed 0.25mm. Plain shank drill can be reground three times, shovel-shaped head (undercut) of the drill can be reground two times. Excessive turning grinding quality and accuracy of its drilling will decline, will cause the finished circuit board scrap. Excessive turning mill backfired.
13, when the wear due to abrasion and diameter reduction of 2% compared to the original, then the bit scrapped.
14 bit parameter settings in general, manufacturers have to provide a drill bit plant production speed and lower speed parameter table, the parameter is a reference only, the actual craft workers through actual use but also draw a line with The actual speed and the speed of the drill parameters are usually the reference parameter actual parameters are different but the difference is not too much.
The concept of drill
Bit is used to drill out the solid material through holes or blind holes, and is able to have a hole reaming tools. Twist drills are commonly used, flat drill, center drill, deep hole drilling and core drill. Reamers and countersinks although not drill holes in solid material, but will also be used to drill them into a class.
A cutting edge portion of the Diamond tools sub cutting blade as the sub cutting blade, the sub cutting blade inner end is located off the center of rotation to the outer side of the site, the outer end is located in the rotating cutting blade portion deviated from the center of rotation locus of the outer edge position.
A drill, with a drill tip disposed on the plurality of cutting blade portion, and provided on the base end side of the cutting blade portion and the base end portion of the shank portion is formed with a shaft-shaped drill main body;
Said cutting blade portion has a flank of the cutting surface and the engagement surface protruding toward the front end edge of the cutting edge formed by said center of rotation of the cutting blade from the drill side arranged substantially radially outer side;
The rotary axis of the direction of movement and the operation of the impact operation of cutting the composite, characterized in that said cutting blade portion has at least two main cutting edge portion, and disposed in the circumferential direction of the main cutting edge portion and the main cutting between the blade, at least two sub cutting blade portion;
The main cutting edge portion having a cutting edge as a main cutting edge, an inner end of said main cutting edge is located in the center of rotation, the outer end of the cutting edge portion in the outer periphery of the rotation locus, the sub cutting blade portion having as its the sub cutting blade cutting edge, the secondary cutting blade inner end is located radially outwardly from the rotation center deviate from the site, the outer end portion in the rotation from the cutting edge to the center of rotation locus of the outer side of the deviated position.
PDC bits
PDC bits [1] for short. Is commonly used in the oil drilling industry as a drilling tool.
PDC continuous improvement of product performance
In the past few years, PDC cutter quality and type have undergone tremendous changes. If the teeth of the 1980s to today's teeth for comparison, the difference is quite large. Because hybrid technology and manufacturing process changes, today's cutting teeth is much better quality and performance, so that the anti-erosion and impact drill capabilities are greatly improved.
Engineers also tungsten carbide substrate and the interface between the diamond has been optimized to improve the toughness of the cutting teeth. Process innovations in the diamond layer is also used to improve the abrasion resistance and thermal stability.
In addition to material and drum wheels manufacturing process developments outside, PDC products in the tooth tooth design techniques and fabric also achieved a major breakthrough. Now, PDC products have been used previously can not be applied in areas such as stiffer, stronger and changing abrasive formations. This extension to new areas, the diamond (fixed cutter) cone drill bit and the balance between a great impact.
Initially, PDC drill bit can only be used for soft shale formations, the reason is hard mezzanine will damage the drill bit. However, due to the emergence of new technologies and changes in the structure, the current PDC drill bit for drilling hard interlayer has been able to and a long section of the hard rock formations. PDC bits are increasingly being used by people, especially with the continuous improvement of quality PDC teeth, in which case more and more prominent.
Since teeth bit design and improvement, PDC drill bit orientability also will increase, which further weakened the past in motor drilling cone bit advantage. Currently, PDC drill every day in many applications where the drilling supplant cone drill bit market.
Commonly used mechanical drills, twist drills with straight shank (ordinary type), you can drill: 45 # steel, stainless steel, diamond hardness using the weak point of the material. Alloy drill, you can drill Cr12 steel, the use of diamond hardness strong material. Use drill expertise can allow himself to lower profits.
PCB Drill Type
PCB drill drill drill control Type: PCB drilling with a drill with straight shank twist drill, fixed and fixed shank twist drill shank Spade (undercut) drill bit. Straight shank twist drill mostly for single head machines, PCB drilling relatively simple or single panel, now in a large circuit board manufacturing plant has been rarely seen in its drilling depth of up to 10 times the diameter of the drill. Laminated on the substrate is not high, the use of drill bit holder to avoid bias.
At present, most manufacturers use CNC drilling machine, CNC drilling using a carbide shank drill set, which is characterized to achieve automatic replacement drill. High positioning accuracy without the use of drill sets. Large helix angle, chip speed, suitable for high-speed cutting. In the range of the flute length, diameter of the drill is an inverted cone, when drilling with the hole wall friction is small, high quality drilling. Common drill shank diameter of 3.00mm and 3.175mm.
Drill material
PCB drilling with carbide drill bit is generally used as the epoxy glass cloth complex copper plate on the tool wear particularly fast. The so-called carbide drill gold is tungsten carbide powder as matrix, cobalt powder as a binder by pressurized sintering. Generally contain 94% tungsten carbide, 6% cobalt. Because of its high hardness, very wearable, a certain strength, suitable for high-speed cutting. But the toughness is poor, very brittle, in order to improve the performance of cemented carbide, and some use carbide substrate in a chemical vapor deposition on a 5-7 micron layer of special hard titanium carbide (TIC) or titanium nitride (TIN), to has a higher hardness. Some use ion implantation technology, titanium, nitrogen, and carbon injection the matrix certain depth, not only improves the hardness and strength and regrinding the drill can move into when they injected ingredients. There is a physical method to generate the bit at the top of a layer of diamond film, which greatly improves the hardness and wear resistance of the drill. Carbide hardness and strength, not only the ratio of cobalt and tungsten carbide, but also with the powder particles about. Carbide drill ultra fine particles, and its average grain size of tungsten carbide with 1 micron or less. This bit is not only high hardness and compressive strength and flexural strength are diamond bandsaw blades improved. To save costs Many drill shank welded structure, the original as a whole are carbide drill, drill shank back now made of stainless, but significantly reduced the cost of the material due to different concentricity less than its dynamic rigid whole alloy drill, particularly in the small diameter side.
The use of drill
1, the drill should be packed in special packing boxes, to avoid vibrations collide.
2, when used, from packing boxes should immediately remove the drill bit attached to the spindle collet header or automatic replacement drill tool library. Spent immediately put back packing boxes.
3, use the drill diameter measurement tool microscope and other non-contact measurement equipment, to avoid the cutting edge in contact with the mechanical gauge was bruised.
4, some CNC drilling machine CNC drilling using some positioning ring retaining ring is not used, such as the use of its positioning ring installation depth positioning must be accurate, as it does not use retaining ring fitted to the drill spindle elongation to adjust consistent, multi-spindle drilling machine to pay attention to this point, to make each spindle drilling depth to be consistent. If not possible to make drill drill drill through the surface or not caused by circuit board scrap.
5, using 40 times the usual three-dimensional microscopy drill blade wear.
6, the spindle and to always check the concentricity of the collet and the collet chuck clamping force, will result in poor concentricity of small diameter drill bit off and pore size, etc., the clamping force will cause the actual speed is not good Set speed does not match between the chuck and the drill bit slipping.
7, fixed shank drill head clamping collet drill shank length of 4 to 5 times the diameter to clamp securely.
8, should always check the spindle presser foot. Presser foot contact surface perpendicular to the spindle is horizontal and not shaking, to prevent drilling off the drill and produce partial holes.
9, drilling better than vacuuming, vacuum air temperature can be reduced drill, colleagues away dust reduce friction generates heat.
10, the substrate stack comprises upper and lower plate to drill a hole workbench trough positioning system to locate a prison, lie flat. Use adhesive tape to prevent the drill bit to be on the tape so that a drill swarf adhesion, causing difficulties and chip off the diamond.
11, ordering manufacturers drill, the factory inspection when sampling the compliance of its 4%. And 100% of 10 to 15 times with a microscopic examination of the gaps, scratches and cracks.
12, drill timely re-grinding, increase the use and re-drill grinding times, extending bit life, reduce production costs and expenses. Microscope usually measured length of the two main cutting edges, the wear depth should be less than 0.2mm. Regrinding when rubbed 0.25mm. Plain shank drill can be reground three times, shovel-shaped head (undercut) of the drill can be reground two times. Excessive turning grinding quality and accuracy of its drilling will decline, will cause the finished circuit board scrap. Excessive turning mill backfired.
13, when the wear due to abrasion and diameter reduction of 2% compared to the original, then the bit scrapped.
14 bit parameter settings in general, manufacturers have to provide a drill bit plant production speed and lower speed parameter table, the parameter is a reference only, the actual craft workers through actual use but also draw a line with The actual speed and the speed of the drill parameters are usually the reference parameter actual parameters are different but the difference is not too much.
The concept of drill
Bit is used to drill out the solid material through holes or blind holes, and is able to have a hole reaming tools. Twist drills are commonly used, flat drill, center drill, deep hole drilling and core drill. Reamers and countersinks although not drill holes in solid material, but will also be used to drill them into a class.
2013年8月2日星期五
What are the characteristics of carbide as well as its range of applications
Green silicon carbide suitable for grinding and brittle metallic and non-metallic materials, such as copper, brass, aluminum and magnesium, and other nonferrous metals and diamond blades gems, optical glass, ceramics until non-metallic materials. Ultrafine powder is advanced ceramic materials.
1) Main features: high bulk density, grinding ability, high hardness, cutting ability, concentration and particle size distribution uniformity; has a high temperature, high strength, good thermal conductivity, impact, indirect heating materials for concrete blades high temperature.
2) Adaptation: Green silicon carbide abrasive widely used in a variety of industries, jade gemstone polishing, glass, steel, plastics, electronics, solar cutting, die casting, refractories, Aerospace Defense, building roads, the apparel industry ( denim sandblasting), beauty tools, metal grinding, ceramic grinding block is also suitable for manufacturing abrasive grinding wheels.
3) Physical indicators: microscopic shape is a grinding wheels hexagonal crystal, silicon carbide Mohs hardness of 9.5, micro Vickers hardness of 3000 density - 3300 kg / mm 2, Knoop hardness is 2670-2815 kg / mm, microhardness 3300 kg per cubic millimeter. In abrasive corundum, and ranked higher than diamond, cubic boron nitride and boron carbide. Density is generally considered to be 3.20 g / mm 3, silicon carbide abrasive natural green silicon carbide bulk density of 1.2 physical and chemical indicators.
1) Main features: high bulk density, grinding ability, high hardness, cutting ability, concentration and particle size distribution uniformity; has a high temperature, high strength, good thermal conductivity, impact, indirect heating materials for concrete blades high temperature.
2) Adaptation: Green silicon carbide abrasive widely used in a variety of industries, jade gemstone polishing, glass, steel, plastics, electronics, solar cutting, die casting, refractories, Aerospace Defense, building roads, the apparel industry ( denim sandblasting), beauty tools, metal grinding, ceramic grinding block is also suitable for manufacturing abrasive grinding wheels.
3) Physical indicators: microscopic shape is a grinding wheels hexagonal crystal, silicon carbide Mohs hardness of 9.5, micro Vickers hardness of 3000 density - 3300 kg / mm 2, Knoop hardness is 2670-2815 kg / mm, microhardness 3300 kg per cubic millimeter. In abrasive corundum, and ranked higher than diamond, cubic boron nitride and boron carbide. Density is generally considered to be 3.20 g / mm 3, silicon carbide abrasive natural green silicon carbide bulk density of 1.2 physical and chemical indicators.
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